PACKAGE OF PRACTICES OF WHEAT

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
Prof (Dr.) Akhshaya Kumar Behura Nibedita Khatua
Dr. Montosh Das Bairagya Regd. No.- 1841901072
Dr. Subhaprada Dash 3rd year, 6th semester
Mr. Kumar Sambhav Giri Sec- B, Group-3
 INTRODUCTION

• Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the 2 n d most staple

food and it is originated from the North East and
the hexaploid wheat is originated from the India.
• wheat is consumed in the form of Chapati, poori,
upma, daila, halwa sweet meal etc.
• Wheat is consists of a main substances called
gluten i.e. responsible for the spongy and cellular
texture of the bread.
• 3 main wheat producing state;
1 s t -Uttar Pradesh
2 n d - Punjab
3 r d -Haryana

WHEAT PRODUCTION IN INDIA

 BOTANY OF
WHEAT

Root Stem Leaf Inflorescence

Primary root and Round and cylindrical also hollow • Leaf sheath Called as spike having spikelet of 1-5
secondary root in maximum varieties. and the outer coving is called floret
• Leaf blade
that consists of lemma and palea
• Ligule
• Auricle
 GROWTH STAGES OF WHEAT

SEEDING STAGE ​ CROWN INITIATION STAGE TILLERING STAGE​ JOINTING STAGE

BOOTING STAGE DOUGH STAGE FLOWERING STAGE MATURITY STAGE

 SOIL, CLIMATE AND LAND
PREPARATION

• SOIL WITH A CLAY LOAM OR LOAM TEXTURE, GOOD

STRUCTURE AND MODERATE WATER HOLDING CAPACITY
• HEAVY SOIL WITH GOOD DRAINAGE SUITABLE FOR DRY
CONDITION
• COOL AND MOIST WEATHER
• 14-15 FOR RIPENING
• HARMFUL IN HIGH TEMPERATURE, CLOUDY WEATHER WITH
LOW HUMIDITY AND LOW TEMP.
• LANDS ARE USUALLY PREPARED BY GIVING ONE DEEP
PLOUGHING FOLLOWED BY 2-3 TIMES WITH LOCAL PLOUGH
AND PLANKING.
 FARM YARD MANURE
SEED TREATMENT REQUIREMENT
With the fungicide like Vitavax or
8-10 tons/ ha of well rotten farm
Thiram @ 2.5-3 gm/ha
yard manure

SOWING OF SEED RATE NPK REQUIREMENT

SEED AND Generally 100 kg/ ha 80:40:40 kg NPK/ ha
NUTRIENT Bold grain variety- 125 kg/ ha N in 2-3 split doses; 1 s t in basal,
MANAGEMENT 2 n d (1 s t ; crown initiation and 2 n d ;
flowering) and
SPACING P and K are full in only basal
20-22.5 cm for normal sowing application
crop and 15-18 for delay sowing
 WATER MANAGEMENT
1 S T IRRIGATION : At crown initiation stage (1 s t critical stage), 25-30 DAS

2 ND IRRIGATION: At late tillering stage, 40-45 DAS

3 R D IRRIGATION: At late jointing stage, 70-75 DAS

4 T H IRRIGATION: At flowering stage, 90-95 DAS (2 critical stage)

nd

5TH IRRIGATION: At dough stage, 110-115 DAS

METHOD OF IRRIGATION: Broader method of irrigation

VARIETY
HIGH YIELDING VARIETIES: WH 1184, HD 3226
HYBRID: C228, HYB 38, Kalyan Sona
SUITABLE FOR ODISHA: Girija, Sonalika, Sagarika, HD 2402
 WEED MANAGEMENT
DICOT WEEDS MONOCOT WEED

Chenopodium album Fumaria parviflora Cirsium arvensis Phalaris minor Avena fatua Polypogon monspliensis

Melilotus alba Anagallis arvensis Lathyrus species Cyperus rotundus Cynodon doctylon

Most devastating weed is Phalaris minor in wheat crop. Spraying of Tribunil or Dosanex or Isoproturon 50% @ 1.5 kg/ha in 600-800 ltr
of water is best for controlling of Phalaris minor. Other weeds can be controlled by the use of the 2,4-D mixed with 400-600 ltr of water.
 DISEASES AND PESTS OF WHEAT

BROWN RUSTS: YELLOW RUST: BLACK RUST: LOOSE SMUT: Black KARNEL BUNT: Some ALTERNARIA LEAF
Small, round-oval POWDERY MILDEW:
Pustules are oval in Pustules are reddish powdery mass of olive- portion of the grain along BLIGHT: Small, oval,
pustules are bright White, powdery growth of
shape and lemon- brown in colour and green microscopic its groove turns into black discoloured
yellow colour. the fungus on the upper
yellow in colour. elongate in shape. spores in the ear. Can powdery mass and gives lesions ,irregular brown-
Spraying of surface of the leaves.
be prevent by solar odd smell. Seed treatment grey colour spots
Mancozeb@ 0.1% Growing of resistant
heat treatment with vitavax powder @ 2.5 scattered on leaves.
gm/ltr Urea+2-3% zineb at 1st
and 2nd sprays.

TERMITE: Attack GUJHIA WEEVIL: Cut

young seedling and the germinating seedling, ARMY WORMS: Caterpillars MITES, APHIDS AND JASSIDS: Suck the cell FIELD RATS: Make burrow near the
grown up plants and the feed on the leaves and
are feed on leaves and earhead sap, and excrete sooty mould results in drying, root portion and destroy the whole
plant is grown ear with tender shoots and make
and damage the whole plant. necrosis and death of plant. Spraying of quinalphos plant. Aluminium phosphide @ 1
grain. 2% of Methyl whole in the grains in Spraying of carbaryl @ 2.5 kg/ ha 25EC @ 1.25L/ha. tablet of 0.5 gm/ small burrow and
parathion dust @ 20-25 storage. Malathion 5% @
in 800L water. 3gm/ large burrow
kg/ ha 25kg/ ha.
HARVESTING AND YIELD
HARVEST AND HARVESTING INDICES: YIELD:

• Leaves turn green to yellowish  High- yielding dwarf variety

• Stem turns yellow and fairly dry 45-55 quintals/ha
• 25-30% moisture content
• Wheat should be harvested before it in dead  Irrigated condition​
ripe. 20-25 quintals/ ha
MILLING OF WHEAT
Thank you