SOLID OBJECTS

SOLID OBJECT

An object having three dimensions, i.e., length, breadth and height or thickness
is called a SOLID. HEIGHT

DTH
R EA
B
LENGTH
 POLYHEDRON

A three-dimensional solid of plane surfaces which consists of a collection of

polygons, usually joined at their edges.

A polyhedron is a solid in three dimensions with flat faces, straight edges and
sharp corners or vertices.

The polyhedron are further sub-divided into three groups:

1. Regular Polyhedron
2. Prisms
3. Pyramids
 Regular Polyhedron
REGULAR POLYHEDRA
(Drawing of Regular Polyhedron: Prism and Pyramid)

A polyhedron is said to be regular if its faces and vertex figures are regular
polygons

The regular plane surfaces which form the surfaces of the polyhedral are
called Faces.
The lines at which two faces intersect are called Edges.

Edge

Face

Tetrahedron
Regular Polyhedron
REGULAR POLYHEDRA
 PRISM

A solid whose bases or ends are polygons of same size and shape and are
parallel to one another, and each of sides of that solid is a parallelogram

A prism is regular when its bases are regular polygon.

 PYRAMID

A solid figure with a polygonal base and triangular faces that meet at a common point

Hexagonal Pyramid Square Pyramid Pentagonal Pyramid

DRAWING OF ISOMETRIC VIEW OF REGULAR
POLYHEDRON/PRISM/PYRAMID

Box Method
Co-ordinate Method
Offset Method
Four-centre method
BOX METHOD

 The isometric projection of all other types of prisms and cylinders are
drawn by enclosing them in a rectangular box.

BOX METHOD
Exercise 1: Draw the isometric view of a pentagonal prism in which each side
of the bases is 1.5 inch and height of the prism is 2.5 inch. Consider one of its
rectangular faces is resting on H.P

Draw the pentagonal base of the prism - ABCDE

Enclose the pentagon in a rectangle PQRS
 Draw three isometric axis,
 complete a box having length 2.5 inch and rectangular face
having dimension equal to that of the rectangle PQRS
Using compass cut the length equal to PA, QB and QC to obtain location of A,
B and Con the box.
 From C draw line parallel to PQ. That will intersect PS at E.

 Find mid point RS – that is location of D. Draw the pentagon.

• From A,B,C,D &E draw lines parallel to QQ’. The lines will intersect the
other face of the box at A’,B’,C’,D’ & E’ respectively.
Draw the pentagon A’B’C’D’E’ on the back face of the box.
Exercise 2: Draw the isometric view of a regular hexagonal prism having each
side of the bases 1 inch and height of the prism is 3 inch, when one of its
bases is resting on H.P.
Using compass cut the amount PA
and QB on the isometric line QP
Using parallel lines or using
compass find other points of the
hexagon on PQRS

Draw the hexagon ABCDEF

Draw perpendiculars from A, B, C, D, E & F. Cut length equal to 3 inch from
each vertical line.
Connect A’B’C’D’E’ & F’ in appropriate sequence.
 CO-ORDINATE /OFFSET METHOD

• The isometric projections of pyramids and cones are generally

drawn by this method
Exercise 3: Draw the isometric view of a hexagonal pyramid with
length of each side of the base 30 mm. Height of the pyramid is
75 mm and it is resting on H.P such that the axis of the pyramid
is parallel to V.P

Draw the hexagon ABCDEF

Enclose the hexagon in a parallelogram PQRS

Connect opposite corners of hexagon to find
the apex O

Draw isometric axis and complete the

isometric drawing of PQRS.
Draw an offset XY on side PQ to
locate the center of the hexagon

Locate x on the isometric view and

draw offset and connect FC.
Intersecting point will give O’
Draw a vertical OO’ equal to
apex height = 75 mm.
Join O with the corners of the
base
Exercise 4: Draw the isometric projection of a cone of base 40
mm diameter and height 70 mm when it rest with its base on
H.P
Draw the circle of 40 mm
diameter

Draw the parallelogram 1234

inscribing the circle

Find the center of the circle O’

Draw the parallelogram 1234 on the horizontal isometric planes

Mark A,B,C,D w.r.to 1, 2, 3 & 4 and complete the circle

Find base of apex O’ w.r.to A & B. Draw apex line OO’.

Connect O with Base. Lines drawn from O will be tangent at two

pints on the base circle.
Exercise-1:
A regular pentagonal prism having bases of 1.5" sides and 2.5"
height, rests on horizontal plane with its axis perpendicular of
vertical plane. Draw its Top view, Front view and Right view in 1st
angle projection.
Exercise-2:
An equilateral triangular prism of 1.5" sides and 2.5" height rests in
such a way that its axis is parallel to horizontal plane and one of its
rectangular faces makes 30o angle with horizontal plane. Draw its
Plan, Front Elevation and Left End Elevation in 1st angle projection.
Exercise-3:
A hexagonal prism of 1" sides and 2" heights rests vertically on
its base on horizontal plane and its one edge of the base makes
an angle of 75o with vertical plane. Draw Top view, Front view
and Left view in 1st angle projection.