Camera Image Quality & ISP

Brief concept
 ise
No fect t
De ntras
o ct
C tifa g,
度 Ar adin olor
透 S h l se C
Fa ire
通 mo
….
解像力
on
ucti
… mma prod e

Resolution
Ga lor re alanc

Sharpness
Co ite B

Focus
Wh
IQ FACTOR ( 客觀判斷 )

…
表
彩
色
 ISP : DN

● Noise
ISP : AF ISP : Edge
Focus ● ● Sharpness

Shading● ● Color/ Saturation

ISP : LC ISP : AWB / CCM
● Contrast / DR

ISP : AE / gamma / HDR

 Outlines
 IQ FACTOR
 Exposure / Contrast / DR
 WB / Color
 Focus
 Noise  ISP FEATURES
 Sharpness
 AE / BLC / Gamma / HDR
 Shading
 AWB / CCM
 AF
 DN
 Edge
 LC
 ISP pipe
Sensor
10 / 12 bits

BLC Shading WB / AE gain

De-Mosaic De-Noise Defect

Edge Enhance CCM Gamma

Color / Contrast

output
Exposure / Contrast / DR

AE / BLC / Gamma / HDR

 Exposure / Contrast / DR
Exposure -2 0 +2

Contrast -40 % +40%

Dynamic Range
 Test charts
1000

Kodak Q-13 Density (g 2.2)

1.95

DN
100

10 density
1.5 2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0

neutral 5 (0.70 D)

250 ColorChecker gray

200
step
150
DN

100

50 1.7
2.3
0
1 1.5 2 2.5 3step
3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 穿透式
反射式
 SPEC ?
Exposure Tonal response

0.70 D / 18% T

DN = ? / FPS = ?

1000
Dynamic range Kodak Q-13 Density

100

DN
10
Gamma = ?
density
1
2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0

# step = ?
 AE
Auto Exposure
1
BV

3
Control aperture & shutter speed & gain  EV target 4

環境亮度 : 亮  暗
6

7
Ex : 200 lux
8

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17
1/8192 1/4096 1/2048 1/1024 1/512 1/256 1/128 1/64 1/32 1/16 1/8 1/4 1/2 1
exposure time

曝光 : 短  長

metering
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.70 D / 18% T
0 0 0 6 6 6 0 0 0
0 0 0 6 8 6 0 0 0
0 0 6 8 8 8 6 0 0 DN = 120 & FPS = 30
0 5 6 6 8 6 6 5 0 @ 200 lux
0 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 0
 BLC
Black level correction

BLC 減過頭 BLC 未減

 Gamma
Gamma CRT
 HDR / Tone mapping
Tone mapping - global

Tone mapping - local

亮部階數 & 暗部階數

WB / Color / Saturation

AWB / CCM
 WB / Color / Saturation
WB

Color / Saturation
Test charts

gamut
 SPEC ?
White Balance ΔC or S ?

140
Gray values
120

100

80

60

40

20

250 ColorChecker gray step 0

Daylight Coolwhite Horizon Incand A

200

150
DN

100

50

0
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
step
 SPEC ?
ΔE or ΔC
Color / Saturation Saturation Different light source : d65 /CW/A
Different lux

gamut
 AWB
Auto White Balance
人眼的色彩適應性

AWB
溫度 °K  顏色 Tc
MWB
2800K

AWB

AWB
 CCM
Color Correction Matrix

CCM
Focus

AF
 Focus
Focus
 Test charts
Focus
 SPEC ?
Focus

與 Resolution & Sharpness 相關

 AF
Auto Focus – Contrast Auto Focus - Phase
Noise

DN
 Noise
Noise

Luma noise

Temporal noise

Chroma noise
Test charts
 SPEC ?
SNR

SNR
主觀評斷
excellent
32 dB

acceptable
20 dB

Different light source : d65 /CW/A

Different lux

YUV / Lab / HSV?

 NR
Noise on pipe

AWB

Gamma
CCM
 Sensor
10 / 12 bits

BLC Shading WB / AE gain

Bayer NR De-Mosaic De-Noise Defect

Edge Enhance CCM Gamma

Color / Contrast

YUV NR
De-Noise

sRGB 8bits
or Panel RGB
3D(time domain) NR
Sharpness

Edge
 Sharpness
Detail
 Test charts
Detail
 SPEC ?
MTF(SFR) / LPI

Center & Corner Different lux

AF issue ?

Lens 不同區域的解像力
 Edge
Edge
Noise/DP issue
Shading

LC
 Shading
Shading

Shading shape F# 的影響

 Test charts
Shading
 SPEC ?
Shading Different light source : d65 /CW/A
Y

chroma
 LC
Lens correction

b
a

Shading
 Others
Distortion False Color

Chromatic Aberration
 Reference tools
Skype & Lync
https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/office/dn788953.aspx

Imatest
http://www.imatest.com/

HYRes 3.1
http://www.cipa.jp/dcs/hyres/hyres_1_e.html