BLOWOUT PREVENTION SYSTEM

 The final major component of the rig.

 Its primary function is to control an imminent
“blowout”. A blowout is an uncontrolled flow of
formation fluid to the surface. A blowout usually
begins as a “kick” which is any intrusion of any high
subsurface formation fluid into the wellbore. this
intrusion may lead to a blowout if its not
immediately handled by a crew. In order to stop a
“kick” from becoming a blowout, the blowout
prevention(BOP) system is used.
 BLOWOUT PREVENTION
 The best prevention against possible blowout
is a sound drilling program. A sound drilling
fluid program means that wellbore contains
drilling fluid that is properly weighted and has
the correct density so that sufficient
hydrostatic pressure is exerted against the well
bore walls. This prevents any formation fluids
from entering the well bore.
CONTROLLING FORMATION
FLUID INTRUSION
Regardless of the type of
blowout prevention system
on a rig. The maintenance
and supervision of the
system is extremely
important. In effect, the  SEVERE INTRUSION CONTROL- if the
final “safety system” is the
rig crew who must monitor
and operate the BOP
system when a problem
occurs.
 MINOR INTRUSION CONTROL- if the
intrusion of the formation fluid is
minor, it can be handled by directing
the circulation of the drilling fluid
through the conditioning equipment,
which will assist in expelling the
entrained gases more rapidly.
intrusion of the formation fluid is
severe, the blowout preventers is
activated. This action is called
“shutting-in” the well. The choke
manifold is used to control the back
pressure when a kick occurs by
limiting the escape of fluid from the
well bore, as well as preventing any
further intrusion.
 BASIC BLOWOUT PREVENTION SYSTEM
COMPONENTS
1. ACCUMULATOR 2. BOP STACK
 Usually located about 100’  Located at the well head
on the rig. It is attached to under the rig floor. It
the blowout preventer stack consists of a series of valves
by high pressure hydraulic that can seal off the well
lines. In the event of a kick bore in the event of a “kick”,
the rig crew can rapidly close
the blowout, preventers by
activating controls on the
accumulator or on a panel
located on the rig floor.
3. CHOKE MANIFOLD
 Located just beyond the rig
substructure. It attaches to
the blowout preventer stack
by a high pressure line that
can divert drilling fluid flow
when a “kick” occurs.
4. KILL LINE
 A line that extends rig
pumps to the BOP stack. It
attaches to the BOP stack-
usually directly opposite the
choke line- to permit
pumping of heavyweight
drilling fluid into the well
bore to control the well.
 BOP STACK COMPONENTS
1. ANNULAR PREVENTER
 The annular preventer is
located at the top of the
BOP stack assembly. It
contains a steel reinforced
rubber packing element
that closes to seal on the
drill pipe, kelly or an open
hole. For this reason, it is
called a “universal
preventers”.
2. RAM PREVENTER
 Ram preventers close only
on specific sizes of pipe,
tubing or an open hole.
• PIPE ARMS- which close
only on a open hole.
• SHEAR ARMS-which cut the
drill pipe and seal the
resulting open hole.
3. DRILLING SPOOLS 4. CASING HEAD
 Drilling spools are spacers  The casing head is an
between preventers. They attachment at the top of the
provide hookups for the casing on which the BOP
choke line and the kill line. stack is engaged.
The ram blowout preventer
have side outlets which may
be used for the same
purpose.
 TWO MAJOR COMPONENTS
THE BOP STACK AND ACCUMULATOR
 An assembly of high
pressure valves designed to
contain wellbore pressure in
the event of a “kick”.
THE SUPPORTING SYSTEM
 A hydraulic pressure unit
which keeps liquid under
pressure in tanks. In an
emergency, the rig crew can
use the accumulator
controls to close any or all
the BOP’s in the stack.
 BOP STACK
The Blowout Preventer Stack is the
key components in the system as it
seals off the well bore. This is
accomplished by a number of
devices.