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1. DEFINITION OF ECOLOGY
2. DEFINITION OF ECOSYSTEM
3. STRUCTURE OF ECOSYSTEM
PRODUCER
CONSUMER
DECOMPOSER
4. FUNCTION
ENERGY FLOW OF ECOSYSTEM
FOOD CNAIN
FOOD WEB
ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS
5. TYPES OF ECOSYSTEM
TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
basic concept’s of
ecosystem
ECOLOGY
The relationship between living
things and their surrounding the
study of this subject.
Example:- Ecologists may study
microbes living in the soil under
your feet or animals and plants
in a rain forest or the ocean.
ECOSYSTEM
An ecosystem is a geographic area
where plants, animals, and other
organisms, as well as weather and
landscape, work together to form
a bubble of life. Ecosystems
contain biotic or living, parts, as
well as abiotic factors, or
nonliving parts. Biotic factors
include plants, animals, and other
organisms.
EXAMPLES OF ECOSYSTEMS

Agroecosystem, aquatic ecosystem. coral reef, desert, forest,

human ecosystem, littoral zone, marine ecosystem, prairie,
rainforest, savanna, steppe, taiga, tundra. urban ecosystem
and others.
STRUCTURE OF ECOSYSTEM
PRODUCERS
A Producers is an organism that
creates its own food or energy.
CONSUMER
A Consumer is an organism that gets
its energy by eating plants.
DECOMPOSER
Decomposer are organisms that break
down dead or decaying organisms.
function
Energy flow in ecosystem
The flow of energy in an ecosystem follows 10% rule.
Meaning only 10% of the energy is transferred to the
successive trophic level and the rest is lost in the
atmosphere . The energy is produced by the autotrophs,
as they have photosynthetic pigments to harness the
sunlight into chemical energy via photosynthesis.
FOOD CHAIN
A series of organisms in which each creature eats the
one below it the series and becomes a source of food
for the organisms above it.
Food Web
A system of food chains that are related to
and depended on each other.

ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS
An ecological pyramids is a graphical
representation showing the relationship
between different organisms in an
ecosystem.
TYPES OF ECOSYSTEM

An ecosystem can be as small as an oasis in a desert, or as big as

an ocean, spanning thousands of miles. There are two types of
ecosystem:

• Terrestrial Ecosystem
• Aquatic Ecosystem
TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM

Terrestrial ecosystems are

exclusively land- based
ecosystems.
Example:- Terrestrial
ecosystem include the tundra,
taigas, temperate deciduous
forests, tropical rainforests,
grasslands, and deserts.
There are different types of terrestrial ecosystems distributed
around various geological zones. They are as follows:

1. Forest Ecosystem 2. Grassland Ecosystem

3. Tundra Ecosystem 4. Desert Ecosystem

1. FOREST ECOSYSTEM
A forest ecosystem consists of
several plants, particularly trees,
animals and microorganisms that
live in coordination with the abiotic
factors of the environment. Forests
help in maintaining the temperature
of the earth and are the major
carbon sink.
2. GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM

In a grassland ecosystem, the

vegetation is dominated by grasses
and herbs. Temperate grasslands
and tropical or savanna grasslands
are examples of grassland
ecosystems.
 3. TUNDRA ECOSYSTEM

Tundra ecosystems are devoid of

trees and are found in cold climates
or where rainfall is scarce. These
are covered with snow for most of
the year. Tundra type of ecosystem
is found in the Arctic or mountain
tops.
 4. Desert Ecosystem
Deserts are found throughout the
world. These are regions with little
rainfall and scarce vegetation. The
days are hot, and the nights are
cold.
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM

Aquatic ecosystems are

ecosystems present in a body of
water.
Example:-Aquatic ecosystems
include oceans, lakes, rivers,
streams, estuaries, and
wetlands.
These can be further divided into two types,
namely:

1. Freshwater Ecosystem

2. Marine Ecosystem
1. FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM

The freshwater ecosystem is an

aquatic ecosystem that includes
lakes, ponds, rivers, streams and
wetlands. These have no salt content
in contrast with the marine
ecosystem.
 2. MARINE ECOSYSTEM
The marine ecosystem includes
seas and oceans. These have a
more substantial salt content
and greater biodiversity in
comparison to the freshwater
ecosystem.
MOUNTAIN ECOSYSTEM
The ecosystem found on high elevations
at low latitudes is usually termed as a
mountain ecosystem. Mountain ecosystem
is quite vulnerable in terms of natural
calamities such as landslides, soil erosion,
loss of habitats, etc.
Dense forests are a common characteristic
of a mountain ecosystem at moderate
elevations. The climate becomes tougher
with the increase of the elevations.
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