EARTH AND

LIFE SCIENCE
Second Quarter
SIR JOHN MARK DE SAGUN
 What is the distinct
characteristic of a plant cell to
animal cell?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Within the period, the students are expected to;

1. Define plant.
2. Identify the different parts and functions of a plant.
3. Appreciate the importance of plants in the ecosystem
1. What does the pictures have in common?
2. Do you think a plant is beneficial to animals and
humans? Why do you say so?
WHAT IS A PLANT?
Plants are mainly multicellular organisms, predominantly
photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae.
WHAT MAKES A PLANT IMPORTANT?
Plants are one of the most essential living
organisms on Earth.
They are immensely beneficial to both animals and human beings. They produce oxygen which is
crucial for the survival of living organisms. Trees provide shelter to animals and are also known for
their medicinal benefits. They act as a source of food and maintain the ecological balance.
PARTS OF THE
PLANTS
Shoot system -part of
the plant that appears
above the ground level.

Root system -part of

the plant which lies
underneath the soil.
 PARTS OF PLANT
The main parts of a plant include:

ROOT STE LEA

M F
 ROOTS
Roots are the most important and underground part of a
plant, which are collectively called the root system.
✔ Anchors the plant firmly in the soil.
✔ Absorb water and minerals from the soil, synthesize
plant growth regulators, and store reserve food material.
What Are the Main Parts of a Plant Root System?

A typical plant root system shows four distinct regions or zones:

1) region of root cap,

2) region of cell division or meristematic region
3) region of elongation, and
4) region of maturation or differentiation.
The Region of Root Cap

The tip of the root is protected by a multi-cellular (more than one

cell) structure called root cap.
⮚ Carrying water and minerals from the soil
⮚ Protecting the sensitive growing tissues in the root
⮚ Secreting the viscous mucilage that helps the root to penetrate
the soil
⮚ Communicating with soil microorganisms
The Region of Cell Division (Meristematic Region)

⮚ It is located a few millimeters above the root cap.

⮚ Performing cell division to produce new cells for the
developing root
⮚ Helping in root elongation
The Region of Elongation

⮚ It is located next to the meristematic region. They are incapable

of cell division.
⮚ Helping to increase the length and size of the root cell that has
lost the ability to multiply.
⮚ Helping in the absorption of water and minerals from the soil.
The Region of Maturation or Differentiation

⮚ Located next to the region of elongation, it is also called the

piliferous region.
⮚ Keeping plants and trees attached to the soil
⮚ Forming specialized tissues like root hairs, xylem, and phloem that
helps in absorption and conduction of water and minerals from the
soil.
Two Main Root System
Tap Root system
It consists of one main root from which may lateral root arise.

Fibrous root system

It has more than one root having similar sizes of the roots growing from the base of the
stem, with numerous lateral roots growing from each other.
 STEMS
The stem is the part of the plant which is found
above the ground. It forms the basis of the shoot
system and bears leaves, fruits and flowers.
The region where the leaves arise is known as the
node and the region between the nodes is known as
the internode.
 
The important functions of a stem include:

Support: Primary function of the stem is to hold up

buds, flowers, leaves, and fruits to the plant. Along
with the roots, a stem anchors the plants and helps
them to stand upright and perpendicular to the
ground.
 
The important functions of a stem include:

Transportation: It is the part which transports water

and minerals from the root and prepared food from
leaves to other parts of the plant.
 
The important functions of a stem include:

Storage: Stems are one of the storerooms of plants

where the prepared food is stored in the form of
starch.
The stems of a few plants in the desert areas, such as
Opuntia, get modified into thick, fleshy structures that
store food and prevent excessive water loss due to
transpiration.
 
The important functions of a stem include:

Reproduction: Few stems help in reproduction through

vegetative propagation and also help to bear flowers and to
produce fruits.
 
The important functions of a stem include:

Guards: Protects Xylem and phloem allowing them to perform their

functions. The stem tendrils are spirally coiled and help the plant to
climb support. The axillary buds also get modified into thorns that
protect the plant from grazing animals.
.
LEAVES
Leaves are the most important part of a plant. They contain chlorophyll that helps the plants
to prepare their food using sunlight, carbon dioxide and water.
Three main parts:
• The petiole keeps the leaf blade exposed to wind and cools the leaf.
• The leaf base is a protruding part of a leaf.
• The lamina of the leaf contains veins and veinlet’s that provide rigidity to the leaf blade
and help in the transport of mineral nutrients.
Three main functions:

• Photosynthesis
• Transpiration
• Reproduction
Photosynthesis
Green leaves prepare food
for plants by using water
and carbon dioxide in the
presence of sunlight. This
process is called
photosynthesis.
Transpiration
Other than photosynthesis,
leaves play a crucial role in
the removal of excess of
water from plants through
tiny pores called stomata.
Reproduction
Leaves of some plants
helps in reproduction also.
For e.g. leaves of
Bryophyllum give rise to a
new Bryophyllum plant.
EVALUATION
1.It is the part of the plant which lies underneath the soil.

a. Root system
b. Shoot System
c. Apical Meristem
d. Stem
2. It contains chlorophyll that helps the plants to prepare
their food using sunlight, carbon dioxide and water.
a. Stem
b. Roots
c. Fruit
d. Leaves
3. This region performs cell division to produce new cells
for the developing root.
a. Region of Root cap
b. Region of Cell division
c. Region of Elongation
d. Region of Maturation
4. It is the process of removal of excess water from
plants through tiny pores called stomata
a. Transpiration
b. Photosynthesis
c. Reproduction
d. Elongation
5. It is a part of the leaf that connects lamina to the stem.

a. Petiole
b. Leaf blade
c. Leaf base
d. Midrib
HAVE A SELFIE WITH
YOUR FAVORITE PLANT
AT HOME! UPLOAD IT
HERE
THANK YOU AND
GOD BLESS!!