ELCS PRESENTATION

UNDERSTANDING PROCESSORS
AND ITS TECHNOLOGY
NAME: M.SRAVYA SRI
ROLL NO.:22R21A04A1
BRANCH & SEC: ECE-B
 PROCESSOR
• processor is the primary component of a computer that performs
calculations, executes instructions, and manages the flow of data. It is
made up of millions of transistors organized into logic gates, and its
speed and efficiency depend on factors such as clock speed, number of
cores, cache size, and architecture.
• The clock speed of a processor refers to the number of cycles per
second at which it can perform operations, with higher clock speeds
allowing for more operations to be performed per second. The number
of cores in a processor determines how many operations can be
performed simultaneously, with more cores allowing for more parallel
processing and increased performances.
• The cache is a small amount of memory located on the processor that
is used to store frequently accessed data and instructions, allowing the
processor to access them more quickly. The architecture of a processor
determines the types of instructions it can execute, and how it manages
the flow of data and instructions.
Specific designed
Processor
• Desktop Processors
• Laptop Processors
• Server Processors
• Mobile Processors
• Embedded Processors
• Workstation Processors
• Gaming Processors
• AI Processors
 Common types of processors
1. Central Processing Unit (CPU):The CPU is the brain of the computer and
processes data and instructions for the system.
2. Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):The GPU is a specialized processor that
is used for rendering graphics and images, such as in video games and
professional 3D modeling software.
3. Digital Signal Processor (DSP):The DSP is used for processing digital
signals, such as audio and video data.
4. Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC):The ASIC is a specialized
processor designed for a specific application, such as Bitcoin mining or
machine learning.
5. Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) :The FPGA is a processor that can
be programmed and reprogrammed to perform a specific task.
6. Microcontroller (MCU):The MCU is a processor that is designed for use in
embedded systems and is commonly found in appliances, cars, etc
7. System on a Chip (SoC):The SoC is a processor that integrates several
components, such as a CPU, GPU, and memory, onto a single chip.
8. Quantum Processor: It is a specialized processor designed to perform
quantum computing operations, which can solve complex problems that are
difficult or impossible for classical computers.
 Main types of processors in the market
x86 Processors: These are processors based on the x86 architecture developed by Intel
and AMD. They are used in desktops, laptops, and servers, and are compatible with a
wide range of software.
ARM Processors: Used in mobile devices, embedded systems, and other low-power
applications. They are designed for low power consumption and high performance per
watt.
RISC-V Processors: It is an open-source, royalty-free instruction set architecture. They
are designed to be simple, flexible, and customizable, and are used in a variety of
applications, including IoT devices and high-performance computing.
PowerPC Processors: Used in IBM’s POWER and Power Systems servers, as well as in
some embedded applications. They are designed for high performance, reliability, and
scalability.
SPARC Processors: Used in Oracle’s SPARC servers. They are designed for high
performance, scalability, and reliability.
Itanium Processors: Was developed by Intel and HP for high-performance computing
applications. They are designed for parallel processing and large memory addressing
capabilities.
1. MIPS Processors: Used in embedded systems, routers, and other networking
 Production of processors:
Electrical Engineers –designs the circuits and systems that are used in processors.
Computer Engineers –designs the architecture and hardware components of the
processor.
1. Semiconductor Engineers –work on the design, testing, and fabrication of
semiconductors, which are the building blocks of processors.
2. Process Engineers –work on the manufacturing process of processors, including
developing and optimizing the production methods and techniques.
3. Material Scientists –work on the development and testing of materials that are used
in the production of processors.
4. Mechanical Engineers -work on the design and development of the physical
components of the processor, such as the heat sinks and cooling systems.
5. Quality Control Engineers –are responsible for testing and verifying the performance
and reliability of the processor.
6. Production Technicians –work on the assembly and testing of the processor during
the manufacturing process.
7. Project Managers – oversee the entire production process, ensuring that each stage
of the manufacturing process is completed on time and within budget.
 TECHNOLOGY OF PROCESSORS
The technology of processors has evolved significantly over the years, with advances in
design and fabrication techniques enabling greater performance, efficiency, and
functionality. Some key technologies that have driven the development of processors
include:
1. Transistor Technology: Transistors are tiny electronic switches that can be turned on
and off to control the flow of electricity. The development of smaller and more efficient
transistors has allowed for the creation of more powerful and efficient processors.
2. Integrated Circuits: (Ics) are tiny electronic circuits that are etched onto a silicon chip.
The development of Ics has allowed for the creation of more complex and powerful
processors that can perform more calculations per second.
3. Microarchitecture: Advances in microarchitecture have led to the development of
processors with higher clock speeds, more cores, and more advanced instruction
sets.
4. Multicore Technology: This technology has enabled the creation of processors that
can perform multiple tasks simultaneously, increasing their overall performance and
efficiency.
5. Nanotechnology: Nanotechnology refers to the engineering of materials and devices
on a microscopic scale. Advances in nanotechnology have enabled the creation of
smaller and more efficient processors that can fit more transistors onto a single chip,
further increasing their performance and efficiency.
 CONCLUSION:
• Processors are essential components in modern computing devices, and
their performance and capabilities have a significant impact on the speed
and functionality of software applications.

• The technologies have enabled the development of processors that are

more powerful, efficient, and capable than ever before, allowing for faster
and more sophisticated computing applications. The continued development
of processor technology is expected to drive further innovation in areas such
as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and high-performance computing.

THANK YOU