VOLCANIC

ERUPTIONS
Prepared By: Roseshella D. Buendia
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VOLCAN
1IC
ERUPTIO
VOLCANIC ERUPTION
The Philippines, being
part of the Pacific Ring
of Fire, is itself a home
to 23 active volcanoes
 VOLCANIC ERUPTION
Volcanoes are considered active if
they have erupted in the last 10,000
years, and have been documented
based on datable materials.
MOST ACTIVE VOLCANOES IN
PHILIPPINES:
LATEST
NAME LOCATION
ERUPTION
MAYON ALBAY 2018 JAN-MAR
2021 JUL-2022 MAR
TAAL BATANGAS

KANLAON NEGROS ORIENTAL 2017 DEC

BULUSAN SORSOGON JUN 2022

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NATURE OF
VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
 THE NATURE OF VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
Magma is considered as the source
for volcanic eruptions. It is made up
of molten rocks that contain crystals.
Erupted magma is called Lava.
 The composition and the
amount of dissolved gases both
magma and lava contain are
affected by temperature. These
factors determine the viscosity
of lava and magma.
MAGMA COMPOSITION
BASALTIC COMPOSITION
WITH LEAST(ABOUT 50%) OF
SILICA CONTENT, LEAST
VISCOSITY, AND LEAST (ABOUT
1-2%)OF GAS CONTENT
MAGMA COMPOSITION
ANDESITIC COMPOSITION
WITH INTERMEDIATE (ABOUT
60%) OF SILICA CONTENT,
INTERMEDIATE VISCOSITY, AND
INTERMEDIATE (ABOUT 3-4%)OF
GAS CONTENT
MAGMA COMPOSITION
GRANATIC COMPOSITION
WITH MOST (ABOUT 70%) OF
SILICA CONTENT,
GREATESTVISCOSITY, AND
MOST (ABOUT 4-6%)OF GAS
CONTENT
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VOLCANIC
STRUCTURE
VOLCANIC STRUCTURE

CRATER

SECONDARY CONE
SECONDARY VENT
VENT
MAGMA CHAMBER
 A magma
chamber is a
large pool of
liquid rock
MAGMA beneath the
CHAMBER surface of the
Earth
 VENT
A volcanic vent is a passage
where lava flows when an
eruption is occurring.
 SECONDARY
VENT

Secondary vents are smaller

outlets through which magma
escapes
 A volcanic crater
is a bowl- or
funnel-shaped
depression that
usually lies
directly above the
vent from which
CRATER volcanic material
is ejected.
 SECONDARY
CONE
Secondary Cone: Also known
as a Parasitic Cone, secondary cones
build up around secondary vents that
reach the surface on larger volcanoes
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VOLCANIC
MATERIALS
 VOLCANIC MATERIALS
The products that are formed or
ejected by a volcano during an
eruption are called volcanic
materials. These materials are
divided into two groups: Pyroclastic
materials and Pyroclastic flow
 PYROCLASTIC
MATERIALS
Pyroclastic materials are
fragments of volcanic origin,
such as volcanic ash and
rocks like pumice and
obsidian.
 PYROCLASTIC FLOW
Pyroclastic flows are capable of
reaching speeds of up to 100km/h,
and initially occur as low-density
cloud of expanding gases with fine
ash particles followed by pumice
and other pyroclastic materials
 LAHAR
Lahar or Landslide of wet volcanic
debris. Lahar is formed from
volcanic ash and rock fragments
that become saturated with water,
and moves down the slopes of a
volcano
 05
TYPES OF
VOLCANO
 TYPES OF VOLCANOES
The types of volcanoes are
differentiated based on their
size, shape, and explosive
style.
 SHIELD VOLCANO
Shield volcanoes are
produced by the
accumulation of fluid basaltic
lava and resemble a
warrior’s shield, hence the
MAUNA LOA IN HAWAII, USA
 CINDER CONES
Cinder cones or Scoria
cones are built from a single,
short-lived eruptive event
ejecting lava fragments that
harden
PARICUTIN IN MEXICO
 COMPOSITE
VOLCANOES
These are large, nearly
symmetrical structures
consisting of alternating
layers of explosive erupted
cinders
MOUNT FUJI, JAPAN
MAYON VOLCANO, PHILIPPINES
VOLCANI
06
C
Calderas can be formed from a
collapsing summit of a large
composite volcano or shield
volcano, or from a large
collapsing area caused by the
discharge of silica rich pumice
QUILOTOA IN ECUADOR
LAKE TAAL IN PHILIPPINES
 FISSURE ERUPTIONS
Are volcanic vents where
lava erupts often not
through an explosive
manner
 BASALT PLATEAUS
Are formed from
accumulated fluid basaltic
lava from fissures
COLUMBIA RIVER PLATEAU
VOLCANIC NECK OR VOLCANIC
PLUGS
A volcanic neck is the solidified
magma trapped inside a volcano.
After millions of years, the softer
outer layer of the volcano erodes,
and all that remains is the volcanic
neck.
CABEZON PEAK IN USA
 VOLCANIC PIPES
Are a rare type of conduit
that carries magma from
the mantle with depths of
150 km or more
KIMBERLITE PIPES, S.AFRICA
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VOLCANI
C
 Aside from earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions may also generate
tsunamis. Sulfur dioxide emissions
can raise health concerns as they
react with moisture as they react
with produce sulfuric acid once
inhaled
Volcanic ash and sulfur dioxide
can also alter weather and
climate patterns. The 1991
Mount Pinatubo eruption
caused a 1.5 degrees Celsius
cooling of global temperatures