Plain and

Reinforced
cement Concrete
Building Construction and
Material Submitted By-
• Ayushi Mittal
• Harsh Mittal
• Ujjwal Gupta
 Introduction

Composition

INDEX Video and Graphics

Mixing of PCC

Applications
  Plain Cement concrete(P.C.C) is a mixture of cement, sand,
Introduction pebbles or crushed rock and water, which, when placed in the
skeleton of forms and allowed to cure, becomes hard like a stone.

 It is possible to control the properties of P.C.C within a wide range

by using appropriate ingredients and by applying special
processing techniques-mechanical, chemical and physical.

 P.C.C has a high Compressive Strength but lacks in Tensile

Strength, due to this Steel Reinforcement is added.

 Reinforced cement concrete (R.C.C) is the combination of Plain

Cement Concrete with the Steel reinforcement to increase its
compressive and tensile strength to a great extent.
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Difference between
PCC and RCC
PCC RCC

It is the Plain Cement Concrete It is the Reinforced Cement Concrete

It includes Cement, Aggregate and It includes all components of PCC

Water and Steel Reinforcement

PCC is weak in tension loading while RCC is strong in both.

strong in compression loading.

It is used in PCC flooring, Slabs, It is used in Columns, Beams and

Concrete roads and several others several others
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Plain Cement Concrete:-

Composition
Materials used in P.C.C. work:
(1) Cement
(2)Aggregates
(3)Water

(1) Cement:
Before the introduction of Ordinary Portland Cement,
lime was used as a cementing material. Most of the cement
concrete work in building construction is done with Ordinary
Portland cement at present. But other special varieties of
cement such as rapid hardening cement and high alumina
cement are used under certain circumstances.
Should comply with all the standard requirements.
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Pricing of Different Types of Cement:-
Composition
Type Quantity Pricing Price/Kg
Portland Pozzolana 50 Kg ₹465 ₹9.3/Kg
Cement (PPC)
Ordinary Portland 50Kg ₹505 ₹10.1/Kg
Cement (OPC) (43
Grade

Ordinary Portland 50Kg ₹515 ₹10.3/Kg

Cement (OPC) (53
Grade
(2) Aggregates:

These are the inert or chemically inactive materials; which form the bulk of cement concrete.
The aggregates are bound together by means of cement are classified into two categories: fine
and coarse.
Aggregate are of two types- 10mm Grit and 20mm Grit
The material which is passed through 4-7625 mm size B.S. test sieve is termed as a fine
aggregate. Usually natural river sand is used as a fine aggregate. But at places, where natural
sand is not available economically, finely crushed stone may be used as a fine aggregate.

(3) Water:

This is the least expensive but most important ingredient of concrete. Water, which is used for
making concrete, should be clean and free from harmful impurities such as oil, alkali, acid, etc.
In general, water which is fit for drinking should be used for making concrete.
Reinforced Cement Concrete:-
(1) Steel:

The steel reinforcement is generally in the form of round bars of mild steel. The diameters of bars
vary from 5 mm to 40 mm. Sometimes, square bars or twisted bars or ribbed torsteel are used as
steel reinforcement. For road slabs and such other constructions, reinforcement may also consist of
sheets of rolled steel of suitable thickness.
Steel bars are used as a reinforcement in PCC which improves Tensile Strength and is known as
R.C.C.

(2)Admixtures:

It may be noted that sometimes ingredients other than above are added in concrete to give it certain
improved qualities. These ingredients or substances are known as Admixtures. The addition of an
admixture may improve the concrete with respect to its strength, hardness, workability, water-
resisting power, etc. Following are the commonly used admixtures: Alum, aluminium sulphate,
barium oxide, bitumen,calcium chloride, coal ash, common salt, iron oxide, lime,mineral oils, organic
oils, potassium chloride, silicate of soda,tar products, volcanic ashes, zinc chromate, etc.
Representational
Video and
Graphics
 Mixing of Plain
Cement Concrete
Hand Mixing:-
PCC is allowed to be done by hand-mixing only for small-scale works.
The base on which the concrete is mixed must be clean, watertight slab or a steel
platform.
Sand and cement are mixed thoroughly followed with the addition of coarse
aggregate. Lastly, water is added and the mixture is mixed properly to gain an even
colour and consistency.

Machine Mixing:-
A measured quantity of dry coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and cement shall be
placed in their respective hoppers.
The dry materials shall be mixed in the mixing drum for at least four turns of the
drum after which the correct quantity of water shall be added gradually while the
drum is in motion.
The total quantity of water for the mixing shall be introduced before 25% of the
mixing time has elapsed and shall be regulated to achieve the specific water-
cement ratio.
The mixing shall be thorough to have a plastic mix of uniform colour.
Market Survey
Recordings
 A concrete of proportion a: b: c means the ratio of the weighted quantity of cement (a)
to fine aggregate (b) to the coarse aggregate (c).

The following proportion of the ingredients of concrete mix is used in arbitrary method
of proportioning.

Ratios for Grade Water Requires Mix Proportion Used in

Making of Plain M5 39 lit 1:5:10 Foundation of PCC

and Road
Cement Concrete Pavements

M7.5 37 lit 1:4:8 Foundation and

Flooring
M10 34 lit 1:3:6 Flooring
M15 30 lit 1:2:4 Other PCC work
M20 27 lit 1:1.5:3 RCC Work
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Applications
Applications of Plain Cement Concrete:-

Applications of Plain Cement Concrete: PCC is mostly found in footings,

grade slabs, and concrete roads

• Footings
• Grade Slabs
• Concrete Roads
• When the underlying soil is weak and flexible, brick flat soling is
provided under PCC.
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(1) Footings-

The purpose of footings is to support the foundation and prevent

settling. PCC ratio for footing are 1:3:6 (M10), 1:2:4 (M15), 1:1.5:3 (M20)
& 1:1:2 (M25) used in construction.

(2) Grade Slabs-

A Plain Cement Concrete Slab is the one of the most important

component in a building. It is a structural element of modern buildings.
Slabs are supported on Columns and Beams.
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(3) Concrete Roads-

Concrete roads are made using a concrete mix of portland cement,

coarse aggregate, sand, and water. The most important advantage of a
Concrete Road is its service life due to exceptional durability. They are
considerably less prone to wear and tear defects like rutting, cracking,
stripping loss of texture, and potholes that can occur with flexible
pavement surfaces. This low maintenance requirement is one of the
principal advantages of concrete pavements. There are well-designed
concrete pavements that have required little or no maintenance.
Applications of ReinforcedMy
Cement Concrete:-
Chart Title
Applications
Uses of RCC in Stairs-

• Foundation and Support for Concrete Stairs

• Building the Form-work for Concrete Stairs
• Steel Reinforcement for Concrete Stairs
• Pouring of Concrete for Concrete Stairs
• Removal of Formwork
• Finishing of Concrete Stairs

Use of RCC in Floors-

Floors of modern buildings are invariably made of reinforced cement

concrete (R.C.C.), because of the inherent advantages of this type of
construction. Concrete, though strong in compression, is weak in tension.
However, it. is suitably reinforced with the help of steel bars which take
the entire bending tension. Due to this, the overall thickness of R.C.C .
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Use of RCC in Beams-

Reinforced concrete beams are structural members that support the

transverse load which usually rest on supports at its end. Girder is a type
of beam that supports one or more smaller beam.

Use of RCC in Columns-

A reinforced concrete column is a structural member designed to

carry compressive loads, composed of concrete with an
embedded steel frame to provide reinforcement. For design
purposes, the columns are separated into two categories: short
columns and slender columns.
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The main factors that affect the failure of concrete structures are– Causes of Failures In
Use Of RCC -
• Incorrect selection of materials.
• Errors in design calculation and detailing.
• Improper construction techniques and insufficient quality
control and supervision.
• Chemical attacks on concrete structures.
• External mechanical factors.
 My Chart Title Prevention of
(1) Compacting:- Failure-
Compaction is the process which expels entrapped air from freshly placed
concrete and packs the aggregate particles together so as to increase the
density of concrete. It increases significantly the ultimate strength of
concrete and enhances the bond with reinforcement.

(2) Curing:-

Curing is the process of controlling the rate and extent of moisture

loss from concrete during cement hydration. Curing plays an important
role in strength development and durability of concrete. This is done by
continuously wetting the exposed surface thereby preventing the loss of
moisture from it.
Thank You