SOURCES OF ENERGY

-- Bhooma Utkarsh Varma, X E

 EN ERGY
 In physics, energy is the
quantitative property that
must be transferred to an
object in order to perform
work on.

 The law of conservation of

energy states that energy can
be converted in form, but
not created or destroyed.
 Wind
Water
Solar
Light
Heat

COMMON TYPES OF ENERGY…

A good source of energy is one that is:

Eco
no
mic
al
Easy to Store
and Transport

Easily Accessible

Large amount of work done per unit

volume/ mass
 Sources Of Energy

Conventional Alternative

Fossil Fuels Solar

Energy
Thermal
Power
Plants Energy
Hydro from Sea
Power
Plants
Geothermal
Energy
Bio Mass
Nuclear
Wind Energy
Energy
Exploring Some
Sources Of Energy!!
FOSSIL FUELS…
 A fossil fuel is a fuel formed by natural
processes, such as anaerobic decomposition of
buried dead organisms, containing organic
molecules originating in ancient photosynthesis
that release energy in combustion.
 Coal and Petroleum are the most commonly
used sources of energy. They are fossil fuels.
 THERMAL POWER PLANTS

The power plant in which the

electricity is produced by burning of
coal is called thermal power plant.

It is a power plant in which the

prime mover is steam driven. Water
is heated, turns into steam and spins
 In these plants, freshwater
production and electricity are
equally important co-products. The
direct cost of electric energy
produced by a thermal power
station is the result of the cost of
fuel, capital cost for the plant,
labour operation, maintenance, and
such factors as ash handling and
disposal.
 Hydro Power Plants
 Dams are constructed at heights to obstruct the flow of
water and store it. The stored water has Potential
Energy.
 Water stored in heights now is allowed to flow to low
levels. The potential energy is converted to kinetic
energy and moves the turbines. Electricity is produced.
 This is called Hydroelectricity because the potential
energy of water which is stored at elevated heights is
converted into kinetic energy of flowing water which
in turn is converted into electricity. It is a renewable
source of energy, since rainfall comes over and over
again.
 Most of the electricity in India is generated in
this method. Since there are not many
natural waterfalls, dams are constructed to
store water at heights and then allowed to
fall and this energy is used to move turbines
and thereby generate electricity.
 BIO - MASS
 Biomass is the source of energy derived from living things (organic
matter). For a long time, we relied on wood for the source of heat
energy. In India, we make fuel out of bio waste such as cow dung due
to the availability of a thriving population of livestock.

 When wood is burnt in a limited supply of oxygen and water until

volatile materials are removed, the residue left behind is charcoal.
Charcoal has good heat generating efficiency. It also burns without
flames.
 In India cow dung, sewage waste, plant matter are decomposed in
absence of oxygen to produce biogas. Since it has cow dung it is
often termed as gobar gas.

 A biogas plant is a dome-like structure built with bricks where

cow dung and other bio waste are mixed with water to form a
slurry and put into a digester.

 The digester is a sealed chamber with anaerobic bacteria which

breaks down the slurry.

 This decomposition process releases gases like methane, CO2,

hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen.

 These gases are drawn via pipes which are transmitted to a

turbine for the production of electricity.
WIND ENERGY
 Wind is the natural phenomenon caused by pressure
differentials due to unequal heating of land and water
masses on the surface of the earth. It is harnessed in the
form of kinetic energy.
 Wind Energy is harnessed by rotatory structures known
as windmills.
 They have huge blades or fans attached very high on a
rigid support that is attached to turbines that rotate due to
high speeds of wind and generate electricity.
 A single windmill has a low output and therefore, the
wind farms are built that comprises of several windmills.
• Light energy and heat energy from the sun are known as
solar energy.
• Sun has been radiating energy from the past 5 billion years
and will continue to do so at the same rate for another 5
billion years or more.
• We must find ways to harness the energy with maximum
efficiency, although only a small fraction of the solar
energy reaches the earth’s surface
• Solar energy can be used in Solar Cookers, Solar Geysers,
etc.

Solar Energy
 Geothermal Energy
 There is a huge amount of heat trapped inside the
earth. Molten rocks from Earth’s core sometimes
come up due to geological changes and get trapped
in hotspots. Harnessing this heat energy is called
geothermal energy.
 Any underground water present gets heated due to
the hotspots and gets converted to steam which
escapes from the surface of the earth as hot springs.
 This steam is used to rotate turbines and generate
electricity.
Nuclear Energy
• Nuclear power is used in nuclear reactions that
release nuclear energy to generate heat, which is
then used in steam turbines to produce electricity in
the nuclear power plant.

• Today nuclear power provides almost 20% of

world’s electricity. Nuclear power is the fourth
largest source of electricity in India after thermal
and hydroelectric, and it is a renewable source of
energy.
Nuclear Power Plant…
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES
 Exploiting any source of energy disturbs the
environment in some way or the other.
 The source we would choose depends on factors such as
the ease of extracting energy from that source, the
economics of extracting energy from the source, the
efficiency of the technology available and the
environmental damage that will be caused by using that
source.
 Research continues in these areas to produce longer
lasting devices that will cause less damage throughout
their life.
Thank You!