On the Level Controller Set out put to 6 psi

valve is closed but on the point of opening

On the gas Back pressure valve Set out put
to zero psi the valve is fully open
Make sure the valve from the gas line to the
Wizard Bourdon tube is open so that the Bourdon
Tube Can sense the pressure as it rises in the vessel
 Make sure the valves on the Barton Manifold are
configured correctly

Closed Closed

Open Open Open

Open the Inlet Valve
Close the By pass valve
Immediately after Diverting the flow to the vessel go
to the Back Pressure Controller and increase the vessel pressure
until it is at least equal to the pressure down stream of the choke prior to
entering the vessel. It is necessary to have pressure in the vessel to Push
the oil out of the vessel to the burner
The level of the oil will rise into oil the sight glass
When you see an increase in out put from the
level Controller it is time to open the Block valve
down stream of the Oil Meter.
Check that the meters are turning
Increase Level
Now go back to the back pressure regulator and
reduce the separator pressure till you see the level
start to rise. This will tell you the lowest
pressure at which you can operate the vessel at that flow rate
Increase Level
Check that the Pressure has stabilized
Make sure the bleed valve is closed
Make sure the equalizing valve is closed
Make sure the gate is shut
Open the bleed valve
Slacken the screws on the top cover
and remove the top cover
Select an orifice plate ( be sure to err on the side of caution
and choose one which is larger than the size you will need)
Make sure the beveled side of the orifice plate
is facing down stream
 Install the orifice plate carrier with the
teeth facing towards the pinions

teeth

Pinions
Lower the plate util it is approx 3 mm below the
lip of the box and make sure it is nor tilted.
Replace the gasket seal and the top bar
Replace and tighten securely the top cover,
Secure by tightening screws from the middle outwards
repeat the process until fully tight.
Open the equalising valve
Close the bleed valve
Open the gate
Rotate the top pinion which will lower the plate till it contacts
the lower pinion.
Watch for the lower pinion start to rotate.
Continue to lower until the plate is all the way into the box
and comes in contact with the down stop.
Close the gate
Look at the differential pen and note the
rate at which the differential pen rises.If it moves
upscale very rapidly then the plate may be to small.
it should settle between 30 and 85 of the range
80 30
Once you have a plate down in to the Daniel's box
what will happen to the differential Pressure if you were
to Raise the Separator Pressure.
5.761 Stamped on the Flange
 D.P.U
Calibrate the Differential Pen!
Complete Calibration

Complete calibration is always required when the differential pressure

range has been changed, or the differential pressure unit has been
replaced, or when the static pressure element has been replaced.

Differential Calibration:

1. Make sure instrument is approximately level and secure.

2. Connect differential manometer to high pressure side of meter.
3. Remove plug or line from low pressure housing to vent it to
atmosphere.
4. Open pulsation dampener on meter body by turning
counterclockwise to stop.
5. Loosen and widen overrange stops.
6. Set differential pen on a time arc line of the recorder chart.
7. Disconnect drive linkage from range arm to allow free movement
of differential pen (remember the hole from which the link tab was
removed).
8. If the differential does not follow time arc line, loosen the two pen
mount screws and adjust pen mount position until the differential
pen follows the time line. Tighten pen mount screws. Reconnect
linkage to range arm.
9. Apply 50% differential pressure and arrange the
differential linkage as shown. Set a 90 degree angle
between the drive arm and link, then by varying the length
of the link, set a 90 degree angle between the range arm
and link. Slip the range arm to 50% on the chart.
10. Set differential pen to exact zero with differential zero
adjust.
11. Apply 100% percent differential pressure.
12. If differential pen is precisely on full scale, proceed to step
17.
13. If differential is high, turn differential range adjustment
clockwise, until pen travels half the distance to full scale.
14. If differential is low, turn differential range adjustment
counterclockwise until pen travels half the distance
15. Release pressure and reset zero using the differential zero
adjust.
16. Repeat steps 11 through 15 until desired accuracy is
attained.
17. Apply 50% differential pressure.
18. If differential pen is precisely on half scale, calibration is complete.
19. If differential pen is high, turn the linearity adjustment counterclockwise
until the pen travels about 20 times the original error upscale.
20. If differential pen is low, turn the linearity adjustment clockwise until the
pen travels about 20 times the original error downscale.
21. Release pressure, if the correction used in steps 19 or 20 was small, set
differential pen to zero with zero adjustment.
22. If correction used in steps 19 or 20 was large, center the zero adjustment.
Loosen the range arm on shaft and manually return pen to approximate
zero. Tighten the range arm on shaft. Do step 21 above.
23. Repeat steps 11 through 22 in sequence until the desired accuracy has
been attained at the zero, one-half, and full scale points going both up and
down scale.
24. Adjust overrange stops for approximately 5% overtravel.
Changing Recorder Differential Range
 D.P.U
How do you change range spring?
D.P.U
D.P.U
D.P.U
D.P.U
D.P.U
D.P.U
 D.P.U
Range Springs!

Range springs come in some

common sizes, what are they?
100
200
300
400
 D.P.U
How does the Differential Unit fit to the Chart Recorder?
 D.P.U

Differential Pressure
Measurement

Sapesco (SMS)
 D.P.U
What do we measure Static and Differential Pressures in?

Static Pressure
Measured in Psig.

Differential Pressure
Measured in inches of water.
 D.P.U
D.P. Cell (Barton)
Available set of
easily changeable
range springs to
suit all gas flow
rates
 D.P.U

Provides a
mechanical
output which
can be used to
actuate a
measurement
indicator
(chart)
 D.P.U
Calibrate the Differential Pen!
Complete Calibration

Complete calibration is always required when the differential pressure

range has been changed, or the differential pressure unit has been
replaced, or when the static pressure element has been replaced.

Differential Calibration:

1. Make sure instrument is approximately level and secure.

2. Connect differential manometer to high pressure side of meter.
3. Remove plug or line from low pressure housing to vent it to
atmosphere.
4. Open pulsation dampener on meter body by turning
counterclockwise to stop.
5. Loosen and widen overrange stops.
6. Set differential pen on a time arc line of the recorder chart.
7. Disconnect drive linkage from range arm to allow free movement
of differential pen (remember the hole from which the link tab was
removed).
8. If the differential does not follow time arc line, loosen the two pen
mount screws and adjust pen mount position until the differential
pen follows the time line. Tighten pen mount screws. Reconnect
linkage to range arm.
9. Apply 50% differential pressure and arrange the
differential linkage as shown. Set a 90 degree angle
between the drive arm and link, then by varying the length
of the link, set a 90 degree angle between the range arm
and link. Slip the range arm to 50% on the chart.
10. Set differential pen to exact zero with differential zero
adjust.
11. Apply 100% percent differential pressure.
12. If differential pen is precisely on full scale, proceed to step
17.
13. If differential is high, turn differential range adjustment
clockwise, until pen travels half the distance to full scale.
14. If differential is low, turn differential range adjustment
counterclockwise until pen travels half the distance
15. Release pressure and reset zero using the differential zero
adjust.
16. Repeat steps 11 through 15 until desired accuracy is
attained.
17. Apply 50% differential pressure.
18.If differential pen is precisely on half scale, calibration is complete.
19.If differential pen is high, turn the linearity adjustment counterclockwise
until the pen travels about 20 times the original error upscale.
20.If differential pen is low, turn the linearity adjustment clockwise until the
pen travels about 20 times the original error downscale.
21.Release pressure, if the correction used in steps 19 or 20 was small, set
differential pen to zero with zero adjustment.
22.If correction used in steps 19 or 20 was large, center the zero adjustment.
Loosen the range arm on shaft and manually return pen to approximate
zero. Tighten the range arm on shaft. Do step 21 above.
23.Repeat steps 11 through 22 in sequence until the desired accuracy has
been attained at the zero, one-half, and full scale points going both up and
down scale.
24.Adjust overrange stops for approximately 5% overtravel.
 D.P.U
What is inside the Differential Chart Recorder?

Differential Pressure Pen.

Controlled by the torque
arm from the Differential
Pressure Unit.
Static Pressure Pen
Controlled by a Pressure
Element.
Sometimes a Temp Pen.
 D.P.U

Static Pressure Recorder

 D.P.U
What happens to the static Pressure element?

When Pressure is applied to the

Static Pressure Element is tries to
straighten and therefore tries to
unwind. This action moves the
drive arm assembly moving the
pen.
 D.P.U
How to calibrate the Static Pressure!
Static Calibration:

1. Apply 50% pressure.

2. Adjust static arm, static link and offset arm to form 90 degree angles at
pivot points.
3. Release pressure and reset zero with zero adjustment.
4. Apply 100% static pressure and set pen to full scale with range
adjustment.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until full scale calibration is attained.
6. Apply 50% pressure. If pen is low, shorten static link. If pen is high,
lengthen static link.
7. Release pressure and reset zero by loosening clamp block on static pen
shaft.
8. Set precise zero with zero adjustment.
9. Repeat steps 3 through 8 until calibration is achieved.

Note: If pressure element is to be set for absolute measurement, set

pen on proper point on chart by slipping arm on static element output
shaft.
Pressure Safety Systems
 Pressure Safety Systems
The Pressure Relief Valve?

What does it do?

Where will you find them?

You will find them fitted to any vessel that
could become overpressured. Eg
Separator, Tank (pressurized) etc.
Pressure Safety Systems
How do they operate?
Pressure Safety Systems
 Pressure Safety Systems

2-Rupture Discs!

What does it do?

Last line of defense for over
pressuring the vessel.
Where will you find them?
Next to the Pressure Relief Valve,
and vents into the same line.
 Pressure Safety Systems
Definition?

The Standard Rupture Disc is a solid metal,

prebulged (preformed) differential pressure
relief device. It is widely used in today’s
industry to protect equipment, vessels and
systems from an overpressure condition. The
rupture disc provides instantaneous full-opening
within milliseconds of an overpressure situation.
 Sight Glass
Where will you find these?
On the separator.
On the water side.
On the oil side.
Why do we need these?
So that we can determine how
much fluid is in the separator.
Reflector Sight Glass!
 How do we isolate them.

By using gauge valves.

SIGHT GLASS
 Gas Regulators
Gas Regulation Low Pressure

What is the pressure rating of

620 type regulators?
INPUT = Up to 1000 psi
OUTPUT = 5 to 200 psi
What is the temperature range
Temperature range = 20oF to
150oF
 Gas Regulators

What would this regulator be used for?

It would be used for natural gas

where the input to the regulator
could be up to 1000 psi, but the
output could be low pressure.
After the Big Joe to reduce
pressure further.
 Gas Regulators
How does it operate?

1. Gas inlet. (Must not exceed 1000

psi)
2. Inner chamber. Initially inner
chamber has no pressure inside and
the diaphragm is pushed down
pulling the disc holder off seat.
This allows pressure to enter the
inner chamber via the pilot tube. If
this pressure rises above spring set 2
pressure then diaphragm will be
pushed up shutting in disc holder.
The movement of the disc holder
regulates the amount of gas 1
pressure fed to outlet.
 Gas Regulators

How would you adjust the set outlet pressure?

1. Loosen locking nut.

2. Turn adjusting screw clockwise to increase
outlet pressure.
3. Turn adjusting screw anti-clockwise to reduce
outlet pressure.
4. If higher outlet pressure desired than spring
fitted, then replace spring to higher rated one.
Note on regulator new spring value.
5. When complete retighten lock nut
 Gas Regulators

Gas Regulation High Pressure

Which regulator shall I use?

The 627.
Or
The 630 commonly known as the Big Joe!
 Gas Regulators
What are the pressure ratings?

• 627 Regulator has the capability to take up

to 2000 psi inlet pressure and outlet
pressures of 10 to 500 psi.
• 630 Regulator has the capability to take up
to 1500 psi inlet pressure and outlet
pressures of 3 to 500 psi.
This is dependant on the spring and line
size.
 Gas Regulators
What are the Temperature Ranges?

• 627 has a temperature range from 20 oF to

180oF
• 630 has a temperature range from 20 oF to
150oF (Standard) and 20oF to 300oF
Modified.
 Gas Regulators

What would we use this regulator for?

• This regulator would be used where high pressure at inlet

and low pressure at outlet.
• Commonly used to reduced the gas pressure from the
separator when supplying gas to the burner booster ring.
• Could also be used to reduce the gas pressure from the
separator where this gas could be used to control the
instruments. (Not to be used if sour gas)
This is not recommended as the natural gas
can contain large quantities of liquid and this could be
condensate.
 Gas Regulators
Installation Instructions!

• 627 normally comes with no internal relief and

therefore must be protected from overpressure. The
627R does have a relief, which limits the total outlet
pressure buildup over set point, but still must be
protected where there is a possibility that overpressure
could occur
• 630 will require overpressure protection. Both of
these regulators require that pressure gauges be fitted
to monitor pressure upstream and downstream.
 Gas Regulators
How do they operate?

• In the regulator construction,

outlet pressure registers beneath
the diaphragm. As long as the
outlet pressure is less than the set
pressure, spring force on the
diaphragm causes the lever to
hold the valve open. When the
outlet pressure exceeds the set
pressure, the diaphragm moves to
compress the spring and the lever
closes the valve until the outlet
pressure returns to set pressure.
 Gas Regulators

How would we reduce pressure to 30 psi?

By using an air regulator.

What type of regulator?

Type 67CF and 67CFR and (old style 67AF and 67AFR).
Outlet air pressure Outlet air
adjustment pressure gauge

Inlet air pressure

Drain valve
 How does it work?
If there is a demand for air
then diaphragm moves
down allowing air to pass
to exit.

Air Supply enter here

Air exits to instrumentation

If there is no demand for air

then this valve remains
closed.
This valve will remain
open as long as pressure
does not exceed the spring
set pressure which is
above diaphragm.
Any moisture in the system
can be bled of by opening this
valve.
 Gas Regulators

What are the different spring sizes?

0 – 20 psi green stripe

0 – 35 psi silver/cadmium stripe
0 – 60 psi blue stripe
0 – 125 psi red stripe
0 – 150 psi black stripe
 Shrinkage Tester
How do we do shrinkage?
We use a shrinkage tester!
How do we do this?
1. Close liquid inlet valve.
2. Open liquid bleed valve.
3. Close gas decompression valve.
4. Open gas inlet valve slowly, purge shrinkage tester by allowing
gas to flow out oil bleed valve.
5. Close oil bleed valve and allow shrinkage tester to reach
separator pressure.
6. Open oil inlet valve and allow oil level to reach 100% on
graduated scale.
7. Close oil inlet and gas inlet valves.
8. Record tester pressure and temperature.
9. Allow tester to decompress by opening decompression valve
(this should have a 1/64th calibrated orifice in the valve).
10. Leave it 30 minutes to decompress.
11. Read the shrinkage percentage and temperature.
12. Close decompression valve and drain oil.
Shrinkage Tester
 Controllers

Actuators – 657 and 667

Which one is direct acting?

657
Where would we use this actuator?
On the gas line to hold pressure.
That makes the 667 reverse acting.
Where would we use this actuator?
On the oil or water lines of the separator.
 Controllers

b b

657 Fail Open actuator

 Controllers

What types of valve flow characteristics are available?

There are four types!

• Linear
• Equal percentage
• Quick opening
• Modified parabolic
Which type do we have in our valves?
Equal percentage
 Controllers

What kind of trim on the valve?

Equal Percentage.
 Controllers

Relationship between the

Valve travel and
The flow rate through the
valve

Percent Valve travel

0 percent Travel flow rate = 0 Barrels per day

 Controllers

Relationship between the

Valve travel and
The flow rate through the
valve

Percent Valve travel

10 percent Travel flow rate =284 Barrels per day

 Controllers

Relationship between the

Valve travel and
The flow rate through the
valve

Percent Valve travel

20 percent Travel flow rate =421 Barrels per day

 Controllers

Relationship between the

Valve travel and
The flow rate through the
valve

Percent Valve travel

40 percent Travel flow rate =943 Barrels per day

 Controllers

Relationship between the

Valve travel and
The flow rate through the
valve

Percent Valve travel

50 percent Travel flow rate =1366 Barrels per day

 Controllers

Relationship between the

Valve travel and
The flow rate through the
valve

Percent Valve travel

80 percent Travel flow rate =4432 Barrels per day

 Controllers

Relationship between the

Valve travel and
The flow rate through the
valve

Percent Valve travel

100 percent Travel flow rate =9712 Barrels per day

 Controllers
How many ranges of actuator spring can you get?
Two ranges of Actuator Springs
3 to 15 PSI
And 6 to 30 PSI

On a 3-15 Actuator a 667

Fail closed actuator will be “Closed
But on the point of opening” with
3 PSI applied to the Diaphragm.
On a 6 – 30 Actuator a 667
Fail closed actuator will be “Closed
But on the point of opening” with
6 PSI applied to the Diaphragm.
 Controllers

On a 657 Fail Open actuator with On a 657 Fail Open actuator

a 15 Psi Spring with a 30 Psi Spring

Valve will be 50 % Open at 9 PSI Valve will be 50 % Open at18 PSI

9 Psi 18 Psi

Fully Fully
Closed Closed
3 Psi 15 Psi 6 Psi 30 Psi
Fully open Fully open
But on Point
But on Point 0Psi 20 Psi Of Starting
0Psi 35 Psi
Of Starting
To close. To close.
 Controllers

If you had a 3 to 15
controller attached to Valve will be 50 %
Open at18 PSI
a 6 to 30 actuator 15 Psi 18 Psi

then even with

maximum pressure
6 Psi 30 Psi
from the controller 0Psi 35 Psi

the valve would

only close 40%