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Chapter 10 Post
Chapter 10 Post
Capital Budgeting
(reject)
Mutually Exclusive Projects
If Payback < Payback choose Project A
A B
0 1 2 2.4 3
CFt -100 10 60 80
Cumul -100 -90 -30 0 50
-100 70 50 20
CFt
Cumul -100 -30 0 20 40
0 1 2 3
Project L
10%
CFt -100 10 60 80
Year
0 1 2 3 4
Cash flow (Ci) ($200,000) $60,000 $60,000 $60,000 $60,000
Year
0 1 2 3 4
Cash flow (Ci) ($200,000) $60,000 $60,000 $60,000 $60,000
C2 400 400
C3 400 350
C4 200 800
C5 200 800
A: Project A’s payback is 3 years as its initial outlay is fully recovered in that
time. Project B doesn’t fully recover until sometime in the 4 th year. Thus,
according to the payback method, Project A is better than B.
Capital Budgeting Techniques—
Payback
Why Use the Payback Method?
It’s quick and easy to apply
Serves as a rough screening device
Indicates how long to resolve uncertainty
The Present Value Payback Method
Involves finding the present value of the
project’s cash flows then calculating the
project’s payback
Capital Budgeting Techniques—Net
Present Value (NPV)
NPV is the sum of the present values of a
project’s cash flows at the cost of capital
C1 C2 Cn
NPV C0
1+k 1+k 1+k
1 2 n
PV outflows
PV inflows
A: The NPV is found by summing the present value of the cash flows when
discounted at the firm’s cost of capital.
1,000 2,000 3,000
NPV Alpha -5,000 Since Alpha’s
1.12 1.12 1.12
1 2 3
NPV<0, it
-5,000 892.90 1,594.40 2,135.40 should not be
-5,000 4,622.70 undertaken.
($377.30)
Use CF on the cash flow
j
0 1 2 3
-5,000 1,000 2,000 3,000
If the firm’s cost of capital is 8%, is the project a good idea? What if the cost of
capital is 10%?
A: We’ll start by guessing an IRR of 12%. We’ll calculate the project’s NPV at
Example
The exact IRR can be calculated using a financial calculator. The financial
calculator uses the iterative process just demonstrated; however it is capable of
guessing and recalculating much more quickly.
Okay, if you haven’t already pointed it
out by now, there is really no reason to
do the trial and error yourself!
20
S
IRRS = 23.6%
10 L
0
Discount Rate (%)
0 5 10 15 20 23.6
-10
IRRL = 18.1%
Mutually Exclusive Projects
NPV k< 8.7: NPVL> NPVS , IRRS > IRRL
L CONFLICT
k> 8.7: NPVS> NPVL , IRRS > IRRL
NO CONFLICT
S IRRs
Rankings of S and
k 8.7 k % L were consistent
because K was 10%
Crossover IRRL
rate = 8.7%
To find the crossover rate:
1. Find cash flow differences between
the projects. Project L minus
Project S
C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6