SHOULD CELLPHONES

BE BANNED WHILE
DRIVING ?
DONE BY : KHALED ANASWAH
OUTLINES
• Using cellphones while driving
has been proven to cause
distractions

• Distracted drivers are most

prone to road accidents.

• Using cellphones while driving

delays reaction time of drivers.

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TYPES OF DISTRACTIONS
• There are three main types of
distraction:

• Visual: taking your eyes off the road

• Manual: taking your hands off the

wheel

• Cognitive: taking your mind off driving

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• Using mobile phones can cause drivers to take their:
• eyes off the road (visual distraction);
• minds off the road (cognitive distraction);
• hands off the steering wheel (physical distraction)

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IMPACT OF
DISTRACTED
DRIVING
• In the United States, over 3,100
people were killed and about
424,000 were injured in crashes
involving a distracted driver in 2019.

• About 1 in 5 of the people who died

in crashes involving a distracted
driver in 2019 were not in
vehicles―they were walking, riding
their bikes, or otherwise outside a
vehicle.

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• Studies suggest that the proportion of drivers using mobile phones while driving has increased
over the past 5–10 years, ranging from 1% to up to 11%.

• Using mobile phones can cause drivers to take their eyes off the road, their
hands off the steering wheel, and their minds off the road and the surrounding
situation.

• It is this type of distraction – known as cognitive distraction – which

appears to have the biggest impact on driving behaviour .

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• The impact of using a mobile phone on crash risk is difficult to ascertain, but
studies suggest that drivers using a mobile phone are approximately four times
more likely to be involved in a crash.

• This increased risk appears to be similar for both hand-held and hands-free phones , suggesting
that it is the cognitive distraction
that has the most impact upon driving behaviour, and thus crash risk.

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 Sources of driver distraction
1. In-vehicle (internal) distractions include eating, smoking, talking as well as using "in-built"
entertainment systems (use of radio, CDs, DVD players), and talking with passengers ,
however the most concerning source these days are mobile phones, laptops, portable
music or information devices (e.g. iPods, Blackberrys), and non-integrated
navigation (Global Positioning Systems).

2. External distractions may arise when the driver looks at buildings, people
or situations outside the vehicle, as well as at billboards and other roadside
advertising. Adverts that are “successful” from a marketing perspective
may be those that pose the most threat to driving behaviour.

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Estimates of level of mobile phone use while driving

1. Between 1–7% of drivers have been observed using mobile phones at

any given moment during the day in Australia, the Netherlands, the United
Kingdom and other European countries

2. Police crash reports in one state in the United States suggest that mobile
phone use while driving more than doubled between 2001 and 2005, from
2.7% to 5.8%

3. A survey study among Swedish drivers showed that mobile phone use
while driving has increased heavily in the past 10 years: 30% of all drivers
with mobile phones reported using them daily while driving

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Some of performance impairments caused by cellphones

• The use of a mobile phone can impair performance on a number of driving

tasks, leading to:
• longer reaction times to detect and respond to unexpected driving-related
events;
• impaired ability to maintain correct lane position;
• slower braking reactions with more intensive braking and shorter stopping
distances;
• impaired ability to maintain an appropriate speed (i.e. usually driving slower);
• slower reactions to traffic signals/missed signals;
• reduced field of view (i.e. drivers more likely to look straight ahead and not
at periphery or in mirrors);
• shorter following distance

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Interventions to address mobile phone use while driving

• Setting specific legislation relating to particular road traffic injuries has been
shown to be a highly effective measure for reducing road traffic injuries

• Many countries have passed legal measures to

• 1-ban hand-held phones while driving.

• For example, most European countries now have legislation banning

hand-held devices. While most countries apply fines for transgression of
these laws, in many places they are now accompanied by penalty or demerit
points : for instance, in 2007 the United Kingdom increased the penalty for
using a hand-held mobile phone while driving to £60 (US$ 94) 12
• 2-Enforcement
Key to the success of legislative measures is the ability to maintain and sustain
high levels of enforcement, and the ability to maintain a high perception of
enforcement among the general public.

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• 3-Public awareness campaigns on mobile phone use
while driving

• Example:

• 4-minute film clip showed a fictional 17-year-old girl who, distracted by her
mobile phone while text messaging, causes a devastating crash. After the film
was posted on the Internet site "YouTube", the film became an international
Internet phenomenon, seen by millions of viewers on other websites and on
television.

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Public awareness campaigns

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References

• Mobile phone use: a growing problem of driver distraction WHO

https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/mobile-phone-use-a-growing-problem-of-driver-distraction

Distracted Driving CDC

https://www.cdc.gov/transportationsafety/distracted_driving/index.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A
%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fmotorvehiclesafety%2Fdistracted_driving%2Findex.html

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