Professional Documents
Culture Documents
5.1 5.2 Acid Alkali
5.1 5.2 Acid Alkali
1 What is an acid
Goals
3, Universal indicator
4, The PH scale
The major acids
1,Organic acids( 有机酸 )---the acids are pesent in animal and plant
material ,they are weak and dilute
2,Mineral acids( 无机酸 )---some powerful acids
What are indicators
turns red when dipped into acid turns blue when dipped into alkali
solution solution
• 1. Litmus paper
– -made from lichen( 青苔 / 地衣 )
– -turns red in acidic solutions
– -turns blue in basic solutions
– *can be used to test the pH of gases but the paper must be
wet first*
Blue form litums paper and red form of litums paper
• 2. Universal Indicator 通用指标 (full-range)
-Is a combination of many different indicator substances that
have different colors at different pH.
-Used to measure the specific pH of a substance.
• 3.PH Meter PH 计
• Electronic machine that gives very precise pH measurements.
5.2 Acid and Alkali solutions
Goals
*[x] = concentration ( 浓度 )
-Are there any ions in pure water?
H2 O H+ + OH-
-Pure water contains small amounts of both H+ and OH- ions.
-In pure water, the amount of H+ and OH- ions are equal.
[H+] = [OH-]
Alkalis( 碱 )
How can we decrease the [H+] in an acidic solution?
• H2 O H+ + OH-
*[x] = concentration ( 浓度 )
The ions present in solutions of some acids and alkalis
An indicator, like litmus, is affected by the presence of
H+ or OH- ions
Example