EXCRETORY SYSTEM

GROUP MEMBERS – RONIT , SAUMYA , YASH , ISHAN , ARNAV , AMAAN , SANIL

GRADE – 7

SECTION - A
WHAT IS EXCRETORY SYSTEM ?

Excretory systems regulate the chemical

composition of body fluids by removing
metabolic wastes and retaining the proper
amounts of water, salts, and nutrients.
Components of this system in vertebrates
include the kidneys, liver, lungs, and skin.
WHAT IS KIDNEY
MADE UP OF ?

Each of your kidney is made up of about

a million filterng units called nephrons .
Each nephrons includes a filter , called
the glomerulus and a a tuble . The
nephrons work through a rwo- step
process : the glomerulus filters your
blood and the tubale return needed
substances to your blood and removes
wastes .
LOCATION OF KIDNEYS

• The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs,

each about the size of a fist. They are located
just below the rib cage, one on each side of
your spine. Healthy kidneys filter about a
half cup of blood every minute, removing
wastes and extra water to make urine.
FUNCTIONS OF KIDNEYS

Remove waste products from the body.

Remove drugs from the body.

Balance the body’s fluids.

Release hormones that regulate blood pressure.

Produce an active form of vitamin D that promotes strong, healthy bones.

• Control the production of red blood cells.
WHAT ARE PERITUBULAR
CAPILLARIES ?
• Peritubular capillaries are tiny blood vessels
in your kidneys. They filter waste from your
blood so the waste can leave your body
through urine. Peritubular capillaries also
reabsorb nutrients your body needs to work
properly, such as minerals. You have
millions of these capillaries inside your
kidneys’ nephrons (filtering units).
FUNCTION OF PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES ?
Peritubular capillaries are so small that you can’t
see them with the naked eye. You need a
microscope to see them. They're a type of blood
vessel called fenestrated capillaries. This means
that each capillary has tiny pores.The pores make
it easier for blood, fluids and substances (such as
minerals) to move back and forth between the
capillaries and the tissues surrounding them.
Each pore has a membrane that opens and
closes, allowing larger molecules to pass through
easily.
WHAT ARE URETERS
AND URINARY
BLADDER ?
• The two ureters carry urine from the
kidneys to the bladder. Muscles in the
ureter walls continually tighten and relax
forcing urine downward, away from the
kidneys.
• The urinary bladder is a triangle-shaped,
hollow organ and it is located in the lower
abdomen. It is held in place by ligaments
that are attached to other organs and the
pelvic bones. The bladder's walls relax
and expand to store urine, and contract
and flatten to empty urine through the
urethra.