Superposition and

interference

Farwa F2021070024
Saira Nadeem F2021070017
SUPERPOSITION PRINCIPLE
• Overlapping of two waves
• Same frequency, direction, amplitude
• X+Y
• Linear wave
Interference
• Same frequency and wavelength
• Particles behave in manner

Types
 constructive interference
 Destructive interference
Contructive interference and
destructive interference:
• Constructive interference occurs where
the lines (representing peaks), cross over
each other. 
• Destructive interference are
opposite in direction of each other.
Diagram
Superposition of sinusoidal
wave
DIAGRAM:
 numerical
Two waves one string are described by the
wave function

y1= (0.3cm) cos (4.0x-1.6t)

y2= (4.0x)sin (5.0-2.0t)

where y and x are centimeters and t is in second. And

the superposition of the waves y1+y2 at the point A x=1
t=1 (b) x=1.00 t=0
Mubarra Azam
F2021070011
SUnila Arif
F2021070002
Standing Waves

When two exactly similar waves travel in the same

medium but opposite in direction are combined to form
standing waves or stationary waves.
For foundamental wave
Frequency(one loop)
Consider a string of length “L” which is attached to the
both ends and at least one loop is produced in it then
there are two nodes and one antinode is produced in the
string

F=V/2L Eq(1)
 For two loops

When there are tow loops produce

in the string there are two anti
nodes and three nodes produce in
the string

f =V/
F = V/L Eq (2)

F =2f
For three loop:
If there are three are three loops
produced in the string there are three
anti nodes and fur nodes produce in
the string
L= 3
F =V/
2L/3=
f =3V/2L

f = 3f
For N th Loops;

F = nf
Resonance

SABA YOUSAF
S2018070005
Resonance

If a periodic force is applied to such a

system, the amplitude of the resulting
motion is greatest when the frequency
of the applied force is equal to one of
the natural frequencies of the system. V
= f λ 
What is Resonance
• When an object is driven its at its
natural frequency so that it
oscillates with a large amplitude.

• in resonance, oscillation occurs at

a specific frequency.
What happen
without Resonance
• Due to the absence of resonance
sound vibration is not loud enough to
discern.

• without resonance we would not

have radio, television music and
swings in the playground.

• it also has its dark side.

Resonance required three basic
conditions
 Natural Frequency
 A forcing function at the
same frequency as the
natural frequency.

 A lack of damping or
energy loss.
 How it works ?

When forcing function frequency

matches the natural frequency
of an object it will begin to
resonate.
 Examples:

 Playground
Swings

 washing Machine

 Bridge