Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ch01 Ot
ch01 Ot
Organizations and
Organization Theory
1-1
Organization Theory in Action
• Topics
• Current Challenges
– Global Competition
– Ethics and and Social Responsibility
– Speed of Responsiveness
– The Digital Workplace
– Diversity
1-2
What is an Organization?
• Definition
• Importance of Organizationsأهمية ا لمنظمات
– Bring together resources to achieve desired goals
and outcomesاجمع ا لموارد ل تحقيقا ألهدافوا لنتائج ا لمرجوة
– Produce goods and services efficiently إنتاج ا لسلع
وا لخدماتب كفاءة
– Facilitate innovationت سهيلا البتكار
– Use modern manufacturing and information
technologiesاستخدام ت قنياتا لتصنيع وا لمعلوماتا لحديثة
1-3
Importance of Organizations
• Importance of Organizations (cont’d)
– Adapt to and influence a changing
environmentا لتكيفمع ا لبيئة ا لمتغيرة وا لتأثير عليها
– Create value for owners, customers and
employeesخلقق يمة ل لما لكينوا لعمالء وا لموظفين
– Accommodate ongoing challenges of diversity,
ethics, and the motivation and coordination of
employeesاستيع ابا لتحدياتا لمستمرة ل لتنوع وا ألخالقوتحفيز
وتنسيقا لموظفين
1-4
An Open System
and Its Subsystems
Environment
Production,
Boundary Boundary
Subsystems Spanning
Maintenance,
Spanning
Adaptation,
Management
1-5
Five Basic Parts of an Organization
Top
Management
Technical Core
Source: Based on Henry Mintzberg, The Structuring of Organizations (Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1979) 215-297;
and Henry Mintzberg, “Organization Design: Fashion or Fit?” Harvard Business Review 59 (Jan. – Feb. 1981): 103-116.
1-6
Goals and
Strategy
Environment Size
Culture Technology
Structure
1. Formalization
2. Specialization
3. Hierarchy of Authority
4. Centralization
5. Professionalism
6. Personnel Ratios
1-7
Organization Chart Illustrating the Hierarchy of Authority
for a Community Job Training Program
Board of
Directors
Advisory Executive
Committee Committee
Level 1 Executive
Director
Records
Level 5 Secretary Clerk Secretary Adm. Asst Payroll Clerk Secretary MIS Specialist Staff Clerk Adm. Asst.
1-8
Characteristics of Three
Organizations
100
Formalization
Specialization
50
Centralization
Configuration
(%nonworkflow 0
W.L. Gore & Wal-Mart State Arts
personnel)
Associates Agency
1-9
Two Organization Design
Approaches
Mechanical System Design Natural System Design
Vertical Horizontal
Structure Structure
Source: Adapted from David K. Hurst, Crisis and Renewal: Meeting the Challenge of Organizational Change (Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School)
1-10
Workbook
Activity
Organizational Dimensions
1-11
Workbook
Activity Xerox
Use for 1959-1990, Use for 1990-present
1-12