ORGANISATIONS – ITS

STRUCTURES & PROCESSES

PRESENTED BY
- SUPRIYA JAISAWAL
- SIKHA PATEL
- MONIK RAJ
 CONTENT
EXTERNALITIESIONS IN GROUPS

An externality is a cost or a benefit imposed upon

someone by actions taken by others. The cost or benefit is thus
generated externally to that somebody.

Types of Externalities
Positive Externalities - An externally imposed benefit is a positive
externality
Negative Externalities - An externally imposed cost is a negative
externality
 CONTENT IN GROUPS
BUREAUCRACYIONS
Max Weber, a German scientist, defines bureaucracy as a
highly structured, formalized, and also an impersonal
organization. He also instituted the belief that an organization
must have a defined hierarchical structure and clear rules,
regulations, and lines of authority which govern it.

CONTINGENCY THEORY IN GROUPS

Joan Woodward's primary contribution to organizational
theory was the idea that organizational structure is contingent
on the types of production technologies employed by the firm.
This idea became a foundation of contingency theory and has
had a sustained impact on the fields of innovation and
 CONTENT
THE TRANSITION GROUPS
PRE – INDUSTRIALIZATION
 Work from home
 Home made product
 Customized Product
 Generational of professional
 Less Efficient
POST – INDUSTRALIZATION
 Mechanized product
 More Efficient
 Hierarchy was developed
 Specific job roles & responsibility
 Job qualification is important
 ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE

FORMAL STRUCTURE INFORMAL STRUCTURE

COMPLEXITY FORMALIZATION CENTRALIZATION

SPATIAL
HORIZONTAL
COMPLEXITY
COMPLEXITY

VERTICLE
COMPLEXITY
STANDARDIZED FUNCTIONAL
MANUFACTURING
SPATIAL SPATIAL
SPATIAL
COMPLEXITY COMPLEXITY
SPATIAL COMPLEXITY
COMPLEXITY
ARRANGEMENT OF ORGANISATIONS IN GROUPS –
KEIRETSU APPROACH
THANKYOU