REPORTERS

GROUP 5 DE BORJA, DONASEL

MODULE DE LEON, TRISHA
DEL ROSARIO, AIMEE

5 DOMASIG, ALNIZEL
 LET’S PLAY!
GAMES (SPELLING)
 Managing
Agriculture and
the Lithosphere
GE Elec 1:
People and the
Earth’s Ecosystem
Prof. Regina Noemi R. Abarabar
 Course Objectives:
1. Discuss the different sustainable soil
management procedures.
2. Appreciate the importance of the
lithosphere in the ecosystem.
3. Devise simple ways on how you can help
in lithosphere sustainability.
 Introduction:
Soil, the thin skin of the Earth, is one of the most important elements of any
ecosystem and the basis of life. It takes a vast amount of time until one meter of soil is
formed through physical and chemical weathering and biotic processes. For example, in
Europe it takes around 100 years to produce only 1 cm of soil. In the human perception
of time, soil is considered a non-renewable resource. Currently more than 7 billion
people live on our planet and almost all our daily food is dependent on the crop
production on our soils. Soil is under continuous pressure due to an increasing global
population, which will only become more and more dependent on the availability and
fertility of soil. Besides food production, soils provide other functions and services, such
as holding water, providing biomass, as well as grounds for construction and recreation,
all of which often compete with each other. Therefore, it is necessary to manage soils
sustainably.
 01
SOILS ARE INCREASINGLY UNDER
PRESSURE

A quarter of the total global land is estimated

to be highly degraded (FAO) and half of
agricultural land is moderately or very
affected by soil degradation.
 A NEW MOMENTUM FOR
SUSTAINABLE SOIL MANAGEMENT
IN THE POLICY AGENDA
There is a growing recognition of the importance of
sustainable so and land management, as well as an
increasing awareness of the need for improved soil
management and limiting soil degradation at the
European and global levels.
OVERVIEW OF MOST IMPORTANT
SUSTAINABLE SOIL

Erosion is a physical
process involving the
removal of soil particles
by water or wind and their
transportation to
sedimentation sites.
 Good practices:

A vegetation cover reduces water

erosion through reducing surface
runoff and increasing infiltration
Plant root systems stabilise soil
aggregates.
 Good practices
In order to sustain soil functions and
soil fertility, soil organic matter must
be kept at a stable level.
Organic fertilisers applied to sol
can be a significant source of sail
carbon. It must be emphasised
that only safe uncontaminated)
organic materials can be applied
to soil.
 Conservation tillage
-Reduces the disturbance of the soil
profile, protecting soil structure and
enhancing SOM accumulation.
Reducing tillage involves limiting
the aeration of soil and related
SOM mineralization.

Level of implementations farmer

FOSTERING A BALANCE OF SOIL
NUTRIENTS

The sustainability of agricultural production is highly dependent on an

appropriate balance of nutrients in sol Nutrient surplus in soils, especially
for nitrogen and phosphorus, might result in the eutrophication and
deterioration of water quality and of aquatic ecosystems, as well as
increased emissions of nitrous to oxide to the atmosphere, leaching of
bioavailable nitrogen to the water used for human consumption, thus
creating hazard to human health (VGSSM).
 Good practices:

Fertiliser application including the types of

fertilisers, rates and timing should be appropriate to
the natural soil productivity and the buffering
capacity of soil Reintroduction of crop-livestock
systems or crop-ivestock-forest systems contributes
to a better balance of nutrients in soil through the
improved cycling of nutrients.

Level of implementation: farmer

 PREVENTING SOIL COMPACTION
Soil compaction occurs when soll is exposed to densification by heavy equipment
or during the grazing of animals, especially in conditions of excessive moisture.
Compaction of cultivated topsoil can be relatively easily undone by applying soil
loosening or various tillage methods and does not pose a permanent threat to the
soil and environment.

Good practices:
Sustainable practices preventing soll
compaction include: avoidance, controlling
traffic, reducing pressure on the decrening
leload, mas increasing SOM in soil, as well
as more advanced drainage and
Level of implementation: farmer
PREVENTING SOIL CONTAMINATION

Apicultural soil can be spoiled with contaminants through so-called

diffuse contamination, processes that cannot be linked to a single and
definite source.
Good practices Sustainable management
of agricultural soils involves limiting the
input of persistent contaminants (eg trace
elements, polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons, pesticide residues) to soil.
Level of implementation: farmer/industry
MANAGING POINT CONTAMINATION

Soils in the vicinity of smelters and mining sites accumulate metals and emit large
amounts of metal-rich dust. Since metals are not subject to decomposition, this
contamination legacy will remain for a prolonged period of time, even if dust emission
is substantially reduced.

Good practices the "polluter pays"

principle, the avoidance of new spills
risk assessment, determining the
seriousness of the problem risk
management, mitigating significant
problems revealed by the risk
assessment.
 INTEGRATED SSM PRACTICES AT
THE FARM LEVELS
Conservation agriculture (CA) aims at achieving sustainable and profitable agriculture
based on the application of the three CA principles minimal soil disturbance, permanent soil
cover and crop rotations.
Agroecology is based on the sustainable use of local renewable resources, local farmers'
knowledge and priorities, sensible use of biodiversity to provide ecosystem services and
resilience, as well as solutions that provide multiple benefits (environmental economic,
social) from a local to a global level
Agroforestry is considered a sustainable land management practice since it
optimises the use of natural resources is based on the integration of woody
vegetation with agricultural production and provides a higher biomass
production per unit of land, while aho providing more ecosystem services than
agricultural land without forest.
 Organic farming
-Is based on the idea that the soil is a living system,
whereby synthetic fertilisers, fungicides and pesticides are
excluded from organic farms.
 Soll Management:

A. Soil Conservation The constraints in soil

erosion management spring from two sources: the
technical problem and the socio-economic issue.
B. Erosion Control Measures To remedy a
situation, effective erosion control methods such as:
 Terracing - a soil conservation
practice applied to prevent rainfall
runoff on
sloping land from accumulating and
causing serious erosion.

Contour farming - farming with row

patterns that run nearly level
around the hill -
- not up and down the hill.
 Use of diversion canals

- consist of ridges or channels

that are used to
temporarily divert water
around or from an area that is
under construction or is
being stabilized.
 Use of gross waterways
must be made available at a cost that rural
people can afford. Plant cover is also the
most efficient method for checking soil
erosion due to wind. Tree plantations in
shortblocks are called wind breaks.
Extensive tree plantations are called
shelter belts. These are planted in rows at
right angles to the direction of the wind.
Solid Waste Disposal Methods
1. Reduction at Source
Reducing the amount of garbage produced is the first step in easing the nation's
solid waste disposal problem.
2. Recycling
Communities should attempt to recycle as much consumer trash as possible, but
they must also realize that recycling alone cannot solve the growing waste
problem.
3. Composting Community composting requires locating an ample amount of land, labour, and
capital. The process release carbon dioxide, water vapour, and heat.
4. Incinerators
Trash is brought to a waste-to-energy plant where it is either burned as received
or manipulated into a more uniform fuel to be burn to generate steam or
electricity.
5. Sanitary Landfills
Landfill site are designed so that all rain that permeates the sites is retained,
collected, and treated before release.
 References:
https://www.deltares.nl/app/uploads/2019/04/
Soils4EU_D1.3_PolicyBrief_DEF.pdf#pag
e=16&zoom=90,-265,145
https://nesfp.org/sites/default/files/resources/
organic_production_and_soil_management
_basics_rapp_curriculum_share.pdf
https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/50428/7399.pdf?
sequence=1&isA
llowed=y
THANK YOU!
GAMES