Information Communication Technologies

Topic 1: Computer organization and Computer architecture

Neverova Elena Grigorievna - Senior Lecturer,

Master of Technical Sciences

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Lecture Plan

1. Why do we study computer organization and

architecture?
2. Computer characteristics
3. Evolution of computer systems
4. Conclusion
 After studying this lecture you will be able to:

• Know the difference between computer organization

and computer architecture.
• Computer characteristics

• Understand units of measure common to computer

systems.
• Appreciate the evolution of computers.
• Computer organization
– Encompasses all physical aspects of computer
systems.
– E.g., circuit design, control signals, memory types.
How does a computer work?
• Computer architecture
– Logical aspects of system implementation as seen by
the programmer.
– E.g., instruction sets, instruction formats, data types,
addressing modes.
How do I design a computer?
Software

http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/s/software.htm

STRUCTURE AND INTERPRETATION OF COMPUTER PROGRAMS

https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/6-001-structure-and-interpretation
-of-computer-programs-spring-2005/pages/lecture-notes
/
How does computer work?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AkFi90lZmXA
The performance of a computer depends on these factors:

The How Graphic Internal Specific

speed much s system hard ation of
and RAM it drive its
architec has speed Internet
ture of and connecti
its capacity on
process
or

Storage Size Weight Volume

 What is this ?

What does it all mean??

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The microprocessor is the
“brain” of the system. It
executes program instructions.
This one is an Intel i7 running at
3.9GHz.
Central processing unit (CPU)
CPU architecture

Clock
Cores
speed

Cache Process
size or type \
CPU with four core
Two main types of CPU

CISC RISC
For For
 DIFFERENCES

CISC RISK
 Have hundreds of instructions  Fewer instructions
 Perform intensive tasks  Run faster
 Perform simple tasks more
 Use more electricity quickly

 The size is bigger  Use less power

 The cost is expensive  The size is small

 The cost is cheap
Motherboard

The motherboard is a
circuit board that
connects the CPU to
the memory and all the
other hardware
MEMORY

Memory is the area where computer stores or remembers data.

Octal Numbe
Memory is the area where computer stores or remembers data.
RAM
RAM is the main place for storing instructions and data whilst a program is
being executed.

RAM stands for random-access

memory, but what does that mean?
Your computer RAM is
essentially short term memory
where data is stored as the
processor needs it. This isn't to be
confused with long-term data that's
stored on your hard drive, which
stays there even when your
computer is turned off.
 Two types of RAM

Dynamic RAM (DRAM) is usually used for the main RAM memory.

Static RAM (SRAM) is used for cache memory.

Typical computers might have the following RAM

Smartphone
Raspberry :
Pi: 512 MB
1 GB
Games
Laptop 16
console: 8
GB
GB
This system has 32GB of (fast)
synchronous dynamic RAM
(SDRAM) . . .

… and two levels of cache memory, the level 1 (L1)

cache is smaller and (probably) faster than the L2 cache.
Note that these cache sizes are measured in KB and MB.

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Hard disk capacity determines
the amount of data and size of
programs you can store.

This one can store 1TB. 7200 RPM is the rotational

speed of the disk. Generally, the faster a disk rotates,
the faster it can deliver data to RAM. (There are
many other factors involved.)

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Ports allow movement of data
between a system and its external
devices.

This system has

ten ports.

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THANK FOR ATTENTION!!!

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