ENERGY

WHAT IS ENERGY?
• Energy is the ability to do work.
• Everything that happens in the world uses
energy!
• Most of the time we can’t see energy, but it is
everywhere around us!
 ENERGY
IS NEVER CREATED CAN ONLY BE
STORED OR
01 NOR DESTROYED 02 TRANSFERRED
batteries store energy This car uses a lot of energy

even this sleeping puppy is we get our energy from FOOD!

using stored energy.
 Remember:

ALL matter is made up of

particles.
The particles NEVER stop moving.
 How is all energy divided?
Potential Energy

All Energy

Kinetic Energy
 POTENTIAL ENERGY IS
 The energy stored in an
object.
• “ Potential” simply means the
energy has the ability to do
something useful later on
POTENTIAL ENERGY FORMULA
P.Eg= m g h
• P.Eg = Potential energy (J)
•m = mass (kg)
•g = gravity (m/s^2)
•h = height (m)
FORMULA:
● Gravitational PE: P.Eg = mgh
● Elastic PE : U = 1/2 kx^2

where,
U = elastic energy
k = spring constant
Delta x= change in position

● Chemical PE :
Examples of Potential Energy
a stretch rubber band

A drawn Bow
and Arrow
water at the top of a waterfall

yo-yo held in your hand

 1.
The higher an object, the more
potential energy.

2.
The more mass on object has, the
more potential energy it has.
Potential energy converted to Kinetic energy

When stored energy begins to move, the object now

transfers from potential energy into kinetic energy.
Kinetic Energy
● The energy of a moving object
● “Kinetic means movement!
● When stored energy is being
used up, it is making things
move or happen.
Kinetic energy formula.
● K.E. = 1/2 mv^2

where,
m= mass (kg)
v= velocity (m/s)
KE= Kinetic energy (J)
Examples of kinetic energy
 The faster the object
moves, the more kinetic
energy is produced.

the greater the mass and speed of an object, the more

kinetic energy there will be.
An object has the MOST kinetic
energy when it’s movement is the
GREATEST.

● When an object has the LEAST

potential energy, it has the MOST
kinetic energy.
POTENTIAL ENERGY VS. KINETIC ENERGY
KINETIC ENERGY
Kinetic energy is a form of energy possessed
by an object due to its motion
It can be transferred from one body to
another.
This transfer process happens during the time
of collision between two objects in motion.
It is a relative form of energy.
The factors affecting kinetic energy are Speed
or velocity, and mass.
The formula for kinetic energy is K.E = 1/2
mv^2
The external environment impacts the amount
of kinetic energy the object will gain.
Kinetic energy example- Flowing water
POTENTIAL ENERGY
Potenial energy is the stored form of energy
due to its position.
It cannot be transferred from one body to
another body since the body possessing it is
in a rest position.
It is a non-relative form of energy
The affecting factors are height/distance and
mass.
The formula of Potential energy is
P.E = mgh
The external environment does not affect the
amount of potential energy the object will
possess.
Potential energy example- water present at
the top of a hill.
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS

● A box has a mass of 5.8 kg. The box is

lifted from the garage floor and placed on
a shelf. If the box gains 145J of Potential
energy (Ep), how high is the shelf.
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS

● A man climbs on to a wall that is 3.6m

high and gains 2268J of potential energy.
What is the mass of the man?
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS
● A wagon loaded with iron blocks is pushed up
an inclined plane to its highest point. The total
mass of the wagon is 50 kg and the height of the
topmost point from the ground is 5 meters. What
is the total potential energy of the wagon at the
top?
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
● A 800 g ball is pulled up a slope as shown in the
diagram. Calculate the potential energy it gains.

● Note! In potential energy problems we are only interested in

vertical distances.