WELCOME

OUTLINE OF RESEARCH WORK ON

COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS FOR

GROWTH AND IMMUNOCOMPETENCE
TRAITS OF NATIVE CHICKEN BREEDS
WITH CARI RED UNDER DIALLEL CROSS

K.M.PRABAKARAN
ROLL NO : 5062
 INTRODUCTION

 India rank 5th in chicken population,3rd in egg production and

5th in poultry meat production. (FAO,2009)

 Livestock and poultry sector provide a major contribution to

India s economy (Nath et al.,2012).

 Poultry sector contributes about 1% to national GDP & 10% of

total livestock GDP(FAO,2009).

 Indian poultry grows at the rate of 8 to 10% for egg and 15 to

20% for broiler production.(Srivastva, 2011)
 The per capita availability of egg and meat is 45 and 2kg
against the recommended level of 180 eggs and 9 kg by
ICMR.

 Wide cap exist between in per capita consumption and ICMR

recommendation.

 To meet the growing demands of population and to improve the

percapita availability in rural people rural poultry farming is
important .

 RPF is source of income & supplementary livelihood activity in

rural.

 Native chicken contributes about 11% of total egg production.

(Kumerasan etal 2008).
 IMPORTANCE

 Native breeds are gold mine for the improving high yielding
strains for tropical adoptability and disease resistance.

 Native chicken breeds contributes about 25% of total poultry

production.

 Native chickens are late in sexual maturity ,less egg production,

growth, egg and body size.

 For improving native chicken breeds cross breeding with

suitable breed for higher production and
immunocompetence .
 Review of Literature

Poultry breeds used in diallel cross

 Ankleshwar - native in Gujarat meat and egg purpose
breed with excellent fertility (GAU report,2003)

 Nicobari - native in Nicobar island .short legged bird with

highest egg producing chicken (165) among native chickens.(
Ahlawat and chatterjee2002)

 Dahlem Red breed are popular for brown shelled egg

production ,laid larger egg ,thick cell better immuno
competence.( singh,1985)
 DIALLEL CROSSING

 Diallel cross is a set of possible combination between several

genotypes and analysis data from such crosses (Hayman, 1954).

 Nature and magnitude of genetic component of quantitative traits.

 General and specific combining ability of parents and their

crosses.

 Estimating the combinina ability among crosses, the diallel

experiment has been proved to be most useful.
(Rajnarayanan,1997)
 COMBINING ABILITY

Useful information on the best lines/breed/strain

combinations for optimal performance of crossbred,
(Razuki and Al,soudi.2005 and Jakubec etal.,1987)
Nature of gene action and to predict performance of the
progenies.
GCA- Average performance of a breed/strain/line in
hybrid combination(Gardner and eberhurt.,1966)
SCA- Average performance of specific cross departs from
additively.
GCA & SCA variance provide estimation for additive &non
additive gene action respectively(Singh and Kumar,1994
Falconer 1967)
 Growth ,Carcass and Confirmation Traits
Body weight of nicobari fowl at day old ,8 week, 12 week and
maturity under backyard was 33g,219g,and 913g respectively.
( Chatterjee et al.,2002)
Shank length of nicobari at 10 weeks age varies from 3.5 to 3.8 cm
Body weight of ankleshwar chicken at maturity is 1.48g.
 Highly positive correlations of body weight with shank length was
reported by kabir et al.,(2006) and niranjan et al.,(2001)
Significant effects of GCA for body weight in chicken was found
by Jayalaxmi et al.,(2009)and Sharma et al.,(1992)
Heterosis on body weight – crossbred lines are higher in bodyweight
than pure bred ones with positive heterosis % at different ages of
growth in chicken werw reported by several workers. Padhi et
al.,2012;singh et al.,2006 and Bhradwajet al.,2006
 Mortality

 Most of cross bred groups had lower mortality than pure bred
groups. Rajnarayanan et al.,( 1998)

 Nicobari fowl mortality during 1 to 4, 5 to 8, 9 to 20 weeks

and laying period was 22.6%,8.2%,9.4% & 4.35 respectvely.
 Immunocompetence

 Humoral Immune response to Sheep red blood cells(SRBCs)

 Ther was no significance difference between the two pure bred
groups viz; Dahlem Red and RIR-b from 0 day to 10 titre post
primary inoculation and the cross bred s did not differ any benefit
over purebred in immune responsiveness to SRBC . Chattopathy
et al.,(2010)
 The comparison of strains for immune response to SRBC had been
done by various workers . (Martin et al., 1989:Benda et
al.,1990:Kundu et al., 1999a,1999b;Msoffe et al.,2001)
 The immune response to SRBC was higher in Nicobari fowl than
in exotic breeds like White Leghorn(Sunder et al.,2004b)
Response to Phytohemagglutinin-P.CMI Response)

 Highest response (F1) was reported in Dahlem Red among

the Aseel,kadaknath,Naked neck, frizzle and White
Leghorn.Kundu,(1997);Sharmiladevi ,(2011)
 OBJECTIVES

 To estimate crossbreeding genetic parameters and breeding

potentials of native chicken and CARI- Red in 33 Diallel cross .

 To identify the best breed combinations for augmenting growth

and immunocompetence traits.

 To understand the additive and nonadditive gene action involved

in growth and immno competence traits.
 Technical Programme
Two Indian native breeds, Ankleshwar, Nicobari and one exotic
breed, CARI-Red maintained at ‘Desi fowl’ unit will be utilized.

Nicobari CARI-Red
Ankleshwar
 Humboldt University,
 Desi/Gowrani/  Short legged chicken- Takinet
Berlin, Germany
Gamthi hyum
 Dual purpose exotic breed
 Highest egg production among
 Native to Gujarat
native chicken  Red in colour, single –
 Quite hardy and comb
 Disease resistant
adapted to its  Brown shelled egg- 60g
environment  3 varieties –Brown,Black
 Improvement of
&white
 Meat and egg indigenous fowl
purpose ..Singh, (1997)
 Artificial
inseminatio
n
Slaughter Collectio
of birds n of eggs

Measureme Incubatio
nts of traits n of eggs
Brooding
of chicks
 Management practices
 Number of birds per group is 30 for all 9 genotypic group
 Wing banding done at day old age.

 Chicks are reared upto 6 weeks in battery cage brooder.

 Feeding and watering are ad-libitum.

 Management and feeding regimens are kept identical for all

genetic groups.

 Birds are reared upto 16 weeks after that slaughtering birds will
be done.
 Measurement of Traits
 BODY WEIGHT Body weight of all the experimental birds will be
recorded biweekly from 0 to 16 weeks of age.
 Body weight gains - 0-4, 4-8, 8-12, 12-16 weeks
 CONFIRMATION TRAITS
Breast angle will be measured by using Virginia type breastometer
at a point 1 inch posterial to the anterial end of the keel bone at 8, 12,
16 and 20 week of age.
Shank length will be measured by Vernier Calliper at 4, 8, 12, 16 and
20 week of age. The distance between hock joint and the carpal joint
is considered as shank length.
Keel length- With the help of Vernier Calliper at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20
week of age. Distance between the point of ischium and the point of
keel is considered as keel length.
 Mortality
Daily mortality will be recorded during 0-4, 4-8, 8-
12, 12-16 weeks of age.
 Carcass traits

Live weight

Dressing percentage
 Immunological study

 30 birds per genetic group.

Humoral immune response to SRBCs

 Method of Siegel and Gross (1980) was followed for assaying

the immune response to sheep blood cells.

 The total antibody response to sheep red blood cells (1 ml of 1%

v/v suspension) was measured on day zero and 7th day post
injection using HA test.
 Cell mediated immune response
 The in vivo CMI response to PHA-P

( Phytohemagglutinin type P is a lectin from the red kidney bean)

was evaluated by the method of Corrier and Deloach(1990).
 PHA- P 0.1 ml was inter digitally administered between the 3 rd and
4th toe of the right foot of the chicken after 10 week of age.

 Left foot- control- 0.1ml PBS

 The thickness of the inter digital web between 3 rd and 4th digits of left
as well as right foot will be measured before as well as after 24 h of
inoculation and expressed as millimeter.

 CMIR = (R2-R1) – (L2-L1)

 Testing the significant differences  Testing the significant differences
between mating system between genetic group

  d. f. SS MSS F
  d. f. SS MSS F Test
Test        
       
 
Between G-1 BGG BGG/G-1 =A A/B
Between m-1 BMS BMS/ A/B genetic
mating m-1 (9-1=8)  
(2-1=1)     group
system =A  
  Within (N-1) – TSS- WSS/(N-1) –  
Within (N-1) - TSS- WSS/   genetic BGG=
(G-1) ( G-1)=B  
mating (m-1) BM= (N-1) - group WSS
 
system WSS (m-1)      
 
=B  
 
Total N-1 TSS     Total N-1 TSS    

           

If the effects between mating system is

significant
 Comparisons among individual means: Post Hoc analysis using suitable methods
like Duncan’s multiple range test, CD , Turkey’s test etc.
 Full diallel analysis
The analysis of variance for combining ability and other effects will be done by using

1. Model A- Griffing ( 1956), method 1 under

model 1

Mean observation in 3 x 3 diallel crossing Mathematical model to be assumed

Sire line 1 2 3 Total Yijk = µ + gi + gj + sij + rji + eijk
( Yi .)
Dam line (i, j =1, 2,…….P line); k =
 
1, …..n ( individual in group)
         

Y11 Y12 Y13 Y1.

Where,
1
          µ = Overall population mean

2 Y21 Y22 Y23 Y2. gi = general combining ability effects of ith lines (
          parents)
Y31 Y32 Y33 Y3.
3 sij = specific combining ability effects of ( i x j) th
        cross
 

Total (Y. j) Y.1 Y.2 Y.3 Y.. eijk = environmental effect associated with ijkth
individual observation
 2. Model B-Hyman (1954) as given by
Wearden (1964)

Mathematical model to be assumed

Y = µ + gi + gj + mj + sij + eijk

µ = overall population mean, gi = common genetic contribution of the ith line, mj =

maternal contribution of the jth line, sij = interaction between ith line and that of jth line
Source of d.f. Sum of square
varince    
Parental line P-1 Sg= ( Yi. + Y.j)2_Y2..
Genetic P(P-1)/2 Ss ∑i∑ j (Yij+Yji)2+Y2ij - ∑ ( Yi.+Y.j)2+ Y2..
interaction
 
Average P-1 Sm= (Yi.-Y.i)2
maternal effect
 
Reciprocal (P-1)(P-2)/2 Sr= ∑∑ (Yij-Yji)2 - ( Yi.+Y.j)2
effect
   
Source d. f. S M MSS Expectation of
of S .S mean square
variance Analysis of variance

GCA P-1 Sg Mg Mg/Me

Where,
Sg = ∑ ( Yi. + Y.j)2_Y2..
SCA P(P- Ss Ms Ms/Me
1)/2 Ss= ∑∑ Yij (Yij+Yji) -

∑( Yi.+Y.j)2 + Y2..
Recipr- P(P- Sr Mr Mr/Me
1)/2
ocal Sr = ∑∑ ( Yij - Yji)2.
effect

Error m Se Me C. D. = S.E. X t ( table value at

desire level of significant)
 2. Model B-Hyman (1954) as given by
Wearden (1964)

Mathematical model to be assumed

Y = µ + gi + gj + mj + sij + eijk

µ = overall population mean, gi = common genetic contribution of the ith line, mj =

maternal contribution of the jth line, sij = interaction between ith line and that of jth line
Source of d.f. Sum of square
varince    
Parental line P-1 Sg= ( Yi. + Y.j)2_Y2..
Genetic P(P-1)/2 Ss ∑i∑ j (Yij+Yji)2+Y2ij - ∑ ( Yi.+Y.j)2+ Y2..
interaction
 
Average P-1 Sm= (Yi.-Y.i)2
maternal effect
 
Reciprocal (P-1)(P-2)/2 Sr= ∑∑ (Yij-Yji)2 - ( Yi.+Y.j)2
effect
   
 Estimation of heterosis
Heterosis % = average of a crossbreds – average of two purebreds X 100
average no. of two purebreds
THANK YOU