1 How does the town planning work ( factors and things

needed) max. 10 points

Town planning is the planning and design of all the new
buildings, roads, and parks in a place in order to make them
attractive and convenient for the people who live there.
Zoning. The town should be divided into suitable zones such
as commercial zone, industrial zone, residential zone, etc. ...
Green Belt. ...
Housing. ...
Public Buildings. ...
Recreation Centres. ...
Road Systems. ...
Transport Facilities. ...
Health.
Factors
When planning a city, planners must consider many factors,
including the economy, the environment, and cultural and
transportation needs. City planners also must understand
current uses of existing buildings, roads and facilities in their
city, as well as how these uses may affect the city in the future
1. Planners must pay attention to the area’s environment.
Physical environment
Social environment
Economic environment
2. City planners need to consider city residents.
3. Plans should be forward-thinking.
4. Areas in need of renewal need special consideration.
5. Urban planners need the right tools at their disposal to do
their jobs.
 2 Different types of town planning ?
1) Local PlanningThe development plan of a city or town
is prepared by keeping in view the local conditions.It
aims at proper distribution of population densities,
regulation of traffic, location of shopping and
recreational centres, provision of green belt, suitable
division of area in various zones, etc.Local planning is
influenced by economic conditions and finances
available for the development of the town.
2) 2) Country PlanningThe area surrounding a town
cannot be allowed to develop in a haphazard
way.Generally, a town is surrounded by villages and
rural planning becomes necessary for proper
functioning of the town.The surrounding village is
linked up with suitable transport system in country
planning.Village industries such as dairy, poultry
farming, basket and rope making, weaving, etc. are
encouraged.A proper balance between the
agricultural and industry should be maintained
without disturbing the character of rural area.Country
planning and town planning are related to each other
and cannot be treated as two separate entities
3) 3) Regional Planning It includes proposals in a region
for the distribution of population, industry, transport
facility, rural services, etc.The regional planning helps
in controlling and reshaping the growth of major
towns in the region.In general, a region may be
defined as an area within which interaction is more
intense than its interaction with other areas and the
modern practice is to include the following in regional
planning.
Agricultural regions.
1. 2. Industrial areas.
2. 3. Large hydro-electric power stations
3. 4. Resort and recreational areas.
4. 5. Suburban zones of cities.The regional planning is
necessary for the following reasons.To ensure profitable
utilization of the resources at minimum expense for maximum
benefit.It gives the information regarding the economic
functions.It gives the local planners knowledge of relationship
between the areas of the region, which will help them in
planning.It allows planned and harmonious development of
the national economy.It reveals new town planning and
building principles.It serves as a link of co-operation and co-
ordination between the areas of the region.
5. 4) National PlanningIt suggests the setting up of the planning
procedure on a national level.By proper and careful national
planning, the resources of national importance like railways,
irrigation projects, heavy industries, hydro-electric works, etc.
can be utilized in the best possible manner.Developments is
from top level to bottom level, that is international level to
local level or vice-versa.Developments in terms of various
economic sectors such as agricultural, fishing, forestry,
mining, quarrying, etc.Developments in terms of various
social sectors such as clothing, housing, food, education,
health, employment, recreation, etc.
6. 5) International PlanningWith the establishment of United
Nations Organization (UNO), the international planning has
come into existence and efforts are made at international
level to promote goodwill and co-operation between different
countries of the world.The various agencies appointed by
UNO conduct surveys in various fields of human life such as
education, health, housing, food, etc. such surveys helps in
finding out remedies and solutions of complicated problems
at an international level.
3 History of town planning in world and india?
ORIGIN OF TOWNS • Originate certain specific use Topographical
Functional aspects
• Conditions favorable for Industrial units
• Education
• Hilly areas to achieve the object of defense
• Health resorts
• Plain areas useful for business activities
• Political
•River banks
• Religious
• Sea fronts
. ANCIENT PERIOD
• Early civilizations developed in the great river valleys: the Nile,
the Tigris-Euphrates, the Indus and the Hwang Ho.
• Ancient towns: developed more than five thousand years ago
at Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa Mohenjo-Daro Harappa
ANCIENT PERIODS
• Indus valley civilization (Indian) 3000 B.C.
• Egyptian period (3000 B.C.)
• Greek period (480 B.C.)
• Roman period (150 B.C.)
• Medieval period
• Mughal period
• Modern period – Pre-independence (Before 1947) – Post-
independence (After 1947)
MOHENJO-DARO
WORLD
EGYPTIAN PERIOD • In the Pyramid period of Egypt, permanent
towns of burned brick were built along the Indus valley for the
execution of the task of erecting Pyramids. In the same period
one can study the city of Mohenjo-Daro Indus valley. • From
these major roads bifurcates the narrow roads leading to the
houses.
 GREEK TOWN PLANNING • Geographically, Greece is surrounded
on three sides by sea, which is the best natural setting for
transportation and trade. • Greece is a mountainous region,
thereby pushing the inhabitants to form and live in groups,
which developed a deep sense of mutual responsibility, and the
people’s deities of worship were the natural phenomenon.
 
ROMAN PERIOD • In the Roman period, the art of town planning
was lowered to mechanical plans. • The Romans were empire
builders and their colonial or camp plans were especially
developed for the military engineer to execute without artistic
or other advice. • Such plans had necessarily to be simple to set
out and the building blocks easy to measure; naturally in this
case the grid iron plan proved to be successful. • The Roman
displayed crude symmetry and artistic rigidity in practice of
levelling a hill to make the site conform to the plan, rather than
modifying the plan to suit the site. • Although the Roman towns
were mechanical, the unbounded fertility and resource, the
variety of solution and mobility of conception of the Romans
have made their towns the classic examples of planning.
 • Roman planning was like the chess board system having the
principal streets rounding across the length and breadth of town
and the other card slightly shifted.