Department of Civil Engineering

CONSTRUCTION OF MULTI -
STOREY STRUCTURES
CEB 4132

Construction of concrete upper floors

 Construction of Concrete Upper
Floor Slab
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Introduction
In a multi storeyed building, floor made at a level with
the building is known as ground floor
 If the building is provided with basement or
underground storey, its floor is known as basement floor
 Top most horizontal or sloped structure, covering the
rooms from the top is known as roof

Construction of concrete upper floors

 Construction of Concrete Upper
Floor Slab
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Introduction cont..
All the intermediate floors are known as upper floors
 An upper floor is basically a principal structural element
and the general design of the building will greatly influence
the choice of the type of floor
 Upper floor are supported either on the walls or on the
columns; they have therefore the major problems of strength
and stability
Construction of concrete upper floors
 Procedure of casting insitu
reinforced concrete floor
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The structural engineer drawing is needed to give:

 The layout of reinforcement bars

 The thickness of the concrete

The concrete mix proportions

 The type and design of forwork to be used

Construction of concrete upper floors

 Procedure of casting insitu
reinforced concrete floor cont...
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With the information from structural drawing, the following

steps are used to cast the floor
 Erect the formwork
Position the services
 Position the reinforcements bars
 Mix and pour the concrete
 Cure the concrete
Remove the formwork
Construction of concrete upper floors
 Types of Concrete Upper Floors
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RCC slab floors

Steel Girder & Concrete slab Floors
 RCC Beam & Slab Foors
 Flat Slab ( Beamles Slab Floor)
 RCC Ribbed Floor Slab
 Precats Concrete Slab

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1. RCC slab floors

 This type of floors are becoming very popular in
construction of floor for modern buildings
 It span is less than 4m, which do not carry heavy loads

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RCC slab floors

Construction of concrete upper floors

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2. Steel Girder & Concrete slab Floors

 When the span are larger than 4m, the use of RCC slab
floor becomes un economical
 Additional support of steel girder are introduced below the
slab to reduce the span

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3. RCC Beam & Slab Floors

 For larger spans and heavy loading condition or in
situation where intermediate walls are not provided to
reduce the span, RCC beam & slab floor are introduced
 In this type of floor, beams & slab are designed as
rectangular sections and slab are supported on beams

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The beams and slab are cast together

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4. Flat Slab ( Beamles Slab Floor)

This floor is made of RCC which is directly supported on
columns without the use of beams or girders
 They are generally used where heavy loads are to be
carried and head room is limited
 Used for buildings such as ware houses, factories and
public building

Construction of concrete upper floors

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Flat Slab ( Beamles Slab Floor) cont...

The column supporting the flat slab are usually circular
in section and top of column are invariably tapered
 The tapered portion is called capital

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Flat Slab ( Beamles Slab Floor) cont...

The portion of the slab, symmetrical with column is
sometimes thickened in order to give additional strength
to the capital
 This thickened portion is termed as a drop panel

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Construction of concrete upper floors

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5. RCC Ribbed Floor Slab

Ribbed or waffle slab is a slab system which consists of series
of parallel reinforced concrete T beams framing into
reinforced concrete girders. The slab is the flange of the beam
and the extended part is the web. The extended part is known
as ribs. The spacing between the ribs should be in general 500
mm – 750 mm. The ribs are tapered in cross-section in its
lower part.
Construction of concrete upper floors
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Construction of concrete upper floors

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Types of Ribbed.

1. One way ribbed slab system

2. Two way ribbed slab system (Waffle system)

Construction of concrete upper floors

 One way ribbed slab
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A one-way joist floor slab consists of a series of small,

reinforced concrete T beams that are connected with girders
that in turn carried by the building column.
T beams are known as joists which are formed by
setting steel  pan at a constant spacing.
Concrete is cast between those spacing to make those ribs
and in this way, the slab also cast and the slab becomes the
flange of T beam.
Construction of concrete upper floors
 One way ribbed slab
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Construction of concrete upper floors

 Two way ribbed slab
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The system was designed to decrease the weight of

traditional full-concrete slabs.
The dome-shaped forms create a matrix of voids
surrounded by orthogonal ribbing, producing a two-
way configuration very suitable for large-spanning
slabs.

Construction of concrete upper floors

 Two way ribbed slab
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Voids between all the domes reduce the dead load as the
width of that portion of the slab is less than a flat slab.
This type of slab is known as waffle slabs because they look
like waffles with rows of beams running underneath them.
 Waffle slab shows a ceiling which is suitable to install all
the electrical appliances and can give a better outlook thus
increasing the aesthetic factor.

Construction of concrete upper floors

 Two way ribbed slab cont…
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Construction of concrete upper floors

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6. Precats Concrete Slab

 With the development of concrete construction, the RCC
precast units such as floor slabs, beams, girders are being
successfully used for floors
 The precast concrete floor are very strong and rigid and can
be completed in lesser time without the use of formwork

Construction of concrete upper floors

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Precats Concrete Slab cont...

 Pre cast unit are either supported directly to the wall or
placed between the rolled steel joist of the required section

Construction of concrete upper floors

 Types of pre cast slab floors
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Hollowcore slab
 They are Precast concrete element with continuous
voids
Depths vary from 100mm to 400mm depending on the
required span and loading conditions
Most systems are pre-stressed

Construction of concrete upper floors

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1. Hollowcore slab

The precast unit span over the whole length

At the end, gout is applied as finish

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2. Beam and Block

Different types of infill blocks can be used

Beam depths range from 150mm to 225mm
Spans up to 8m are achievable
Typically, the beams and blocks are covered with a
screed layer to provide a final floor finish.

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Beam and Block

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3. Precast lattice slab floor

 are typically 50mm to 100mm thick, reinforced with steel bars
forming a lattice girder that is partially embeded in the precast
unit
 The lattice girder are fabricated from steel reinforcement bars
and normally spaced at 300 to 600mm centres
 The slab unit are manufactured in widths up to 2.5 m and
overall depth up to 400mm, span up to 11 m
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Precast lattice slab floor

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Precats Concrete Slab

Construction of concrete upper floors

 Composite Upper Floors
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Construction of concrete upper floors

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Construction of concrete upper floors

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Structural elements of composite slabs

 Insitu concrete
 Profiled decking
 Shear connects
 Bar reinforcements

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Construction of concrete upper floors

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consist of profiled steel decking with an in-situ

reinforced concrete topping.
The decking(profiled steel sheeting) not only acts as
permanent formwork to the concrete, but also
provides sufficient shear bond with the concrete so
that, when the concrete has gained strength, the two
materials act together compositely
Construction of concrete upper floors
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consist of profiled steel decking with an in-situ

reinforced concrete topping.
The decking(profiled steel sheeting) not only acts as
permanent formwork to the concrete, but also
provides sufficient shear bond with the concrete so
that, when the concrete has gained strength, the two
materials act together compositely
Construction of concrete upper floors
 Composite Upper Floors cont…
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span between 3 m and 4.5 m onto supporting beams or

walls
 In this composite slab, there is about 30% saving in
concrete materials, resulting in reduced structural
weight
It favours fast and easy construction and also it proves
to be economical
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Construction of concrete upper floors