Pre-Calculus

Circles
Sir Karl Oliveros
Table of contents
01. 03.
Introduction Circle

02. .
04Equation of a
Conic Sections
Circle
0 1.

Introduction
 Pre-Calculus
Is a course, or a set of courses, at a level
which is designed to prepare students for
the study of calculus.
Analytic Geometry

San Juanico Bridge

0 2.

Conic Sections
 Cones
A 3-dimensional figure with a
circular base and a single-point
apex. The lateral surface of the
cone is a circular sector. There
are 4 conic sections: Circle,
Ellipse, Parabola, Hyperbola
Circle and Ellipse
●Circle – Is a shape consisting of
all points in a plane that are a
given distance from a given
point, the centre.
●Ellipse – Is a plane curve
surrounding two focal points,
such that for all points on the
curve, the sum of two distances
to the focal point is a constant.
Parabola

●Parabola – is a plane curve

which is mirror-symmetrical and
is approximately U-shaped. The
plane intersects only one cone to
form an unbound curve.
Hyperbola

●Hyperbola – It consist of two

vaguely parabola shaped pieces that
open either up and down or left and
right. The plane intersects both
cones to form two unbounded
curves (each called a branch of the
hyperbola).
0 3.

Circle
Let C be a given point. The set of all points P having the
same distance from C is called a circle. The point C is called
the center of the circle, and the common distance, its radius.
0 4.

Equation of
a Circle
 𝑃𝐶=𝑟
√ ( 𝑥 −h ) + ( 𝑦 − 𝑘 ) =𝑟
2 2

2 2 2
( 𝑥 − h ) + ( 𝑦 − 𝑘 ) =𝑟

This is the standard equation of the circle with center (h,k)

and radius r. If the center is the origin, then h = 0, and k = 0.
The standard equation is then:
 Practical Exercise
In each item, give the standard equation of the
circle satisfying the given conditions.
a) Center at the origin, radius 4
b) Center (-4,3), radius
c) Circle in the first figure
d) Center (5,-6), tangent to y-axis
e) Center (5,-6), tangent to x-axis
f) Has a diameter with endpoints A(-1,4) and
B(4,2)
 More Properties of Circles
After expanding, the standard equation

Can be rewritten as

Which is an equation of a circle in general form.

 More Properties of Circles

If the equation of a circle is given in the general form

Or

We can determine the standard form by completing the

square in both variables.
Identify the Center and Radius of the Circle

Example 1.
Identify the Center and Radius of the Circle

Example 2.
Identify the Center and Radius of the Circle

Example 3.
 Assignment
Find the standard equation of the circle being described
in each item.
1. With the center at the origin, radius
2. With center (-6,7) tangent to the y-axis
3. Has a diameter with endpoints A(-3,2) and B(7,4)
 Assignment
Identify the Center and radius of the circle with the given

equation.

4.)

5.)