Lesson 2.

1: Language of
Mathematics

By: Robin B. Donquillo

 Mathematics is
• Precise because it uses set of symbols and
notations and is governed by specific set of rules

Characteristi • Powerful because it allows us to understand our

cs
world; it is communicable to every person around
the world; and it can be applied across different
disciplines

• Elegant because the simpler the equation is, the

better.
Syntax
Mathematics uses
• Numbers – symbols that represents quantity
• Operation Symbols – symbols that serves as connectives
• Relation Symbols – symbols used to compare quantities
• Grouping Symbols – symbols used to associate groups of
numbers and operators
• Variables – symbols that represent unknown values or quantities
Symbols of Mathematics
• Operation Symbols:
+, -, ,*, ( ), , /
• Relation Symbols:
Equal: (=) or Not Equal: (≠)
Inequality: <,>, ≤,≥
• Grouping Symbols: ( ), [ ], { }
• Variable: x, y, z
Symbols Used In Mathematics
• Modulo: remainder in the division (ex. 12mod5=2)
• Power or Exponent: xn or x^n
• Percent: %
• Radicals:
• Fractions: part of a whole (ex. ½)
• Open Interval: (a, b)
• Closed Interval: [a, b]
• Imaginary number: i =
• Golden ratio: Phi (φ) = [1+ ]/2 1.618
• Pi (θ)
PEMDAS Rule
• First, simplify expressions inside a parentheses/ bracket/ brace.
• Second, simplify expressions with exponent.
• Third, multiply or divide expressions come first from left to right.
• Last, add or subtract expressions come first from left to right.
Examples:
1. 20 + 42 – (3 + 2) 2. (x – 2)2 + 4x
= 20 + 42 – 5 = (x – 2)(x – 2) + 4x
= 20 + 16 – 5= x2 – 4x + 4 + 4x
= 36 – 5 = x2 + 4
= 31
Try these!
1. 81 – 60 ÷ (9 + 17) × 12
2. 47 – 25 + (24 ÷ 12) – (7 × 5)
3. x(x – 2) + 15x2 – 3x
References
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=3_fLxFMyhcI&list=PLeLlT2bkCpe8li6t3gN7mhNlX0JjYofZl&index=3
• https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/pangasinan-state-
university/mathematics-in-the-modern-world/mmwmodule-chapter-
2/19660284