Multidimensional Data Model

BY :-
• Lokesh kumar Gupta (21GSOB1090023)
 What is Data Model?

• Collection of conceptual tools for describing data, data

relationships, data semantics and consistency constraint.

• Conceptual representation of data structures required for

database
 What is Multi Dimensional
Data Model?
• Model for data management where the databases are
developed according to user's preferences, in order to be
used for specific types of retrievals.

• Multidimensional database (MDB) is mainly optimized

for data warehouse and online analytical processing
(OLAP) applications
• Multidimensional data-base technology is a key factor in the
interactive analysis of large amounts of data for decision-making
purposes.

• MDB mainly useful for sales and marketing applications that

involve time series.
 Why Multi Dimensional Database ?
• Enables interactive analyses of large amounts of data for
decision-making purposes
• Rapidly process the data in the database sothat answers can be
generated quickly.
• Provides "just-in-time" information for effective decision-
making in a successful OLAP application
• View data as multidimensional cubes, which have been
particularly well suited for dataanalyses
• Enforces simplicity
Components of MDDM
 Types of MDDM

• Data Cube Model

• Star Schema Model

• Snow Flake Schema Model

• Fact Constellations Schema Model (Global Schema)

 Data Cube Model
• Data is grouped or combined together in
multidimensional matrices called Data Cubes

• In two Dimension row & column or products.

• In three dimensions :-
o One regions
o products and
o fiscal quarters.
 Dimensions and measures
• Data cubes have categories of data called dimensions and
measures.

• Measure represents some fact (or number) such as cost or

units of service.

• Dimension represents descriptive categories of data such as

time or location.
 Slicing, Dicing and Rotation
• Slicing:
Refers to two-dimensional page selected from the cube.
• Dicing:
Dicing provides you the smallest available
• Slice :
Define a sub-cube of the original space.
• Rotation:
Rotating changes the dimensional orientation of the report
from the cube data.
 Star schema Model
• It is the simplest form of data warehousing schema.

• It consists one large central table (fact)containing the bulk

of data and a set of smaller dimension tables one for each
dimension.

• Its entity relationship diagram between dimensions and fact

table resembles a star where one fact table is connected to
multiple dimensions or table.
Example of star schema:
 Snow Flake schema:
• It is difficult from a star schema.

• In this dimensional table are organized into hierarchy by

normalization them.

• The Snow Flake Schema is represented by centralized fact

table which are connected to multiple dimensions.
Example of Snow flake schema:
 Fact constellations :

• It is a set of fact tables that shares some dimensional tables.

• It limits the possible queries for the data warehouse.