Number theory

2022
Powerd by
Mr.Muhammad I. Ali
History of numbers
The first known system with
place value was the
Mesopotamian base 60 system
(c. 3400 BC) and the earliest
known base 10 system dates to
3100 BC in Egypt.
Babylonian numeration system
The Babylonian numeration
system was developed between
3000 and 2000 BCE.
It uses only two numerals or
symbols, a one and a ten to
represent numbers and they
looked this these
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Babylonian numbers
2
 “
Hindu-Arabic numerals, set of 10 symbols—1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0
—that represent numbers in the decimal number system. They
originated in India in the 6th or 7th century and were introduced to
Europe through the writings of Middle Eastern mathematicians,
especially al-Khwarizmi and al-Kindi, about the 12th century. They
represented a profound break with previous methods of counting,
such as the abacus, and paved the way for the development of algebra.

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al-Khwārizmī, in full Muḥammad ibn Mūsā. al-Khwārizmī, (born
c. 780 —died c. 850), Muslim mathematician and astronomer
whose major works introduced Hindu-Arabic numerals and the
concepts of algebra into European mathematics. Latinized versions
of his name and of his most famous book title live on in the terms
algorithm and algebra.

Al-Khwārizmī lived in Baghdad, where he worked at the “House

of Wisdom” (Dār al-Ḥikma) under the caliphate of al-Maʾmūn.

4
When the presentation gets to the number "seven" you
will notice that the 7 has a line through the middle of it.
That was the way the Arabic 7 was originally written, and
in Europe and certain other areas they still write the 7 that
way. Also, in the military, they commonly write it that
way. The nine has a kind of curly tail on it that has been
reduced, for the most part nowadays, to a simple curve,
but the logic involved still applies.

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The numbers we write are made up of
algorithms, (1, 2, 3, 4, etc) called arabic
algorithms, to distinguish them from the
roman algorithms (I; II; III; IV; etc.).

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The arabs popularise these algorithms, but their
origin goes back to the phenecian merchants
that used them to count and do their
commercial contability.

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Have you ever asked the question why 1 is "one", 2 is
"two", 3 is "three".....?

What is the logic that exist in the arabic algorithms?

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9
And the most
interesting and
intelligent of all.....

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Moral of the story:
It is never late to learn!
Team Presentation

Dldar Hshyar
Student
References
 A History of Mathematics, Uta C.Merzbach and Carl B. Boyer,
Foreword by Isaac Asimov.

 Jeff's Lunchbreak, jefflewis.net .

 Alternate titles: higher arithmetic, By William Dunham.