PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

URDANETA CITY, CAMPUS

H I S TO RY O F A R C H I T E C T U R E 4

SPANISH COLONIAL
ARCHITECTURE IN THE
PHILIPPINES

Presented by: group 10

 TABLE OF CONTENTS
SPANISH COLONIAL ARCHITECTTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES

I.HISTORICAL CONTENT
A.HISTORY
B.PRE-COLONIAL ARCHITECTTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES
B.OVERVIEW OFF SPANISH COLONIAL ARCHITECTTURE IN THE PHILIPPINNES

II.INTRODUCTION
A.DEVELOPMENT OF SPANISH COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES
B.DEFINITION OF SPANISH ARCHITECTURE

III. EXAMPLES OF SPANISH COLONIAL ARCHITECTTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES

• DOMESTIC STRUCTURE
- Father Burgos House,The Raymundo House,Cariño House in Candon, Ilocos Sur, Casa Manila

• ECCLESIASTTICALL STRUCTURES
- Santa Maria Church, Paoay Church, Miagao ChurcS,AN AGUSTIN CHURCH

IV..CHARACTERISTICS OF SPANISH COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE

A.BUILDING MATTERIAL
B.BUILDING PLAN
C.ORNAMENTATION
Pre-Colonial Architecture in the
Philippines
Pre-colonial
Prior to the arrival of the Spaniards, the main form of dwelling for a
family in the Philippines was the nipa hut, a single room house composed
of wood, bamboo or other native materials. Though the styles of the nipa
hut varied throughout the country, most all of them shared similar
characteristics including having it raised slightly above ground on stilts
and a steep roof. Aside from nipa huts, other small houses were built on
top of trees to prevent animal as well as enemy attacks.
HISTORY
COLONIAL SPANISH

European architecture was introduced into the country as a result of

Spanish colonization. The Manila Galleon brought the influence of
European architecture and style to the Antilles. The most lasting
architectural legacy of Spain was its colonial cathedrals, which were
constructed by an unidentified monk. The nipa hut or Bahay Kubo gave
way to the Bahay na Bato (stone home) during this period, which became
the traditional house of noble Filipinos. The Bahay na Bato was designed
in the style of a nipa hut, with open ventilation and raised chambers. The
materials utilized to construct the two houses are the most noticeable
distinction between them. Instead of traditional bamboo materials, the
Bahay na Bato was built with brick and stone.
 SPANISH C OLONIAL ARC HITEC TURE
IN THE PHILIPPINES

OVERVIEW OF SPANISH COLONIAL ARCHITECTTURE IN

Topic
THE PHILIPPINNES

Spanish colonial architecture reflects Filipino identity mostly through the Religious

Introduction Architecture. As what the world knows, Philippines is the only Catholic country in
Southeast Asia; thus, most of our structures all over the archipelago were Catholic
Churches due to the influence of Catholicism. Filipino Identity was basically
patterned from the Spanish; the way the Filipinos think of standards, the way
Filipinos design, and the way Filipinos appreciate things. It can always be reflected
on the buildings and houses that Spanish Colonization really made a mark in the
Philippines. Typical Filipino houses evolved for the better because of their
colonization. he formation of our streets, houses, and groupings of each citizen were
simply adopted from the Spaniards. Religion is the center of Spanish influence.
SPANISH C OLONIAL ARC HITEC TURE
IN THE PHILIPPINES

Development of Spanish Colonial Architecture in

the Philippines
What did the Spanish do in the Philippines?

They also founded schools, a university, hospitals, and churches. To defend their
settlements, the Spaniards constructed and manned a network of military fortresses
across the archipelago (ONE OF THE MILITARY FORT IS THE FORT
SANTIAGO IN INTRAMUROS) . Slavery was also abolished. As a result of these
policies the Philippine population increased exponentially.
Spanish colonial architecture reflects Filipino identity mostly through the Religious
Architecture. As what the world knows, Philippines is the only Catholic country in
Southeast Asia; thus, most of our structures all over the archipelago were Catholic
Churches due to the influence of Catholicism.
S PA N ISH C O L O N IA L A R C H I T E C T U R E
I N T H E PH IL IPPIN E S

The architectural developments of the spanish colonial period in the

Philippines are a reflection of the spanish style, which can be observed in the
two main architectural constructions designated colonial marks of the spanish
era architecture.

EXAMPLE:

• Domestic Structure
• Ecclesiasttical Structures
DOMESTIC STRUCTURE
Building types that relate to residential use, such as single-
family homes, duplexes, townhouses, apartment buildings, and
condominiums.

EXAMPLE:

• Father Burgos House

• The Raymundo House
• Cariño House in Candon, Ilocos Sur
• Casa Manila
DOMESTIC STRUCTURE

Father Burgos House

The Padre Burgos house is noteworthy for

being a representation of an in-situ
preservation of a Spanish era colonial
mansion, despite its adaptive re-use into a
museum, details of layers of history are
demonstrated in the house. It is configured
on a North to South axis and is built of
brick and wood, with a steeply pitched roof,
elements that are homogenous to the rest of
the preserved colonial buildings in the
historic town of Vigan.
DOMESTIC STRUCTURE

The Raymundo House

It was built in 1861, the same year that our
National Hero Jose Rizal was born, and also the
year that the San Bartolome Church was
completed. Passers-by almost always take a
second look at its original stone gateway that's
reminiscent of the portals of Intramuros.
Etched on the gateway arch along with the year
it was built is a double-headed Hapsburg eagle,
an image that was used to represent the
European Hapsburg dynasty and appeared on
the coat of arms of the kings of Spain. The
house was built by Fernando Raymundo and its
present owner is a fifth-generation descendant
of his
DOMESTIC STRUCTURE

Cariño House in Candon, Ilocos Sur

The house was where Gabriela and husband

Diego began their uprising against the
Spaniard functionaries in Ilocos in 1762,
with the help of the British forces.
The house, which was continuously
occupied by the Cariños until the 1990s, has
a unique feature unlike the balay na bato in
Vigan City, for example. It has an outer wall
where the servants supposedly pass so as not
to listen to the conversations of the owners
and their guests.
DOMESTIC STRUCTURE

Casa Manila
Casa Manila is a museum in Intramuros
depicting colonial lifestyle during Spanish
colonization of the Philippines.

The museum is the imposing stone-and-

wood structure c. 1850, one of the grand
houses in Barrio San Luis (one of the four
original villages of Intramuros) is located
across historic San Agustin church and
bounded by Calle Real, General Luna,
Cabildo and Urdaneta streets. The other two
are the Los Hidalgos, c. 1650 and Cuyugan
Mansion, c. 1890.
.
 Ecclesiastical Structures

refers to the architecture of buildings of Christian

churches.

EXAMPLE:
• Santa Maria Church
• Paoay Church
• Miagao Churc
• SAN AGUSTIN CHURCH
ECCLESIASTICAL
STRUCTURE
Santa Maria Church
, the Church of Nuestra Señora de la
Asuncion in Santa Maria with its convento
are on a hill surrounded by a defensive wall.

The brick church follows the standard

Philippine layout, with a monumental facade
masking a straight roof-line covering a long
rectangular building. It is alleged to be built
on a solid raft as a precaution against
earthquake damage. The walls are devoid of
ornament but have delicately carved side
entrances and strong buttresses

.
ECCLESIASTICAL
STRUCTURE
Paoay Church
The Paoay Church, also known as the Church of
San Agustín, is located in Paoay, Ilocos Norte. It is
the most outstanding example in the Philippines of
an Earthquake.

Poay church was built of baked bricks, coral rocks,

salbot (tree sap) and lumber, and has 24 carved
massive buttresses for support. It is an architectural
solution to the area's challenging, natural setting.
Both sides of the nave are lined with the most
voluminous stone buttresses seen around the
islands. Large coral stones were used for the lower
level while bricks were used for the upper levels of
the church. The walls are 1.67 meters thick made
of the same materials.The detached bell tower is of
notable interest as the tapering layers emphasizes
the oriental style, a unique structure that reflects the
design of a pagoda

.
ECCLESIASTICAL
STRUCTURE
Miagao Churc
The Miagao Church, also known as the Church of
Santo Tomas de Villanueva, stands on the highest
point in the town of Miagao, Iloilo. The church's
towers served as lookouts against Muslim raids
.
ECCLESIASTICAL
STRUCTURE
SAN AGUSTIN CHURCH
San Agustin Church also known as the Archdiocesan
Shrine of Our Lady of Consolation. It is a
Roman Catholic church under the auspices of the
Order of St. Augustine (Province of the Most Holy
Name of Jesus of the Philippines) located inside the
historic walled city of Intramuros in Manila. Completed
in 1607, it is the oldest stone church in the country.

The massive structure of the church is highlighted by the

symmetry and splendor of the interiors (painted by two
Italians who succeeded in producing trompe l'oeil) – the
profile of the mouldings, rosettes and sunken panels
which appear as three-dimensional carvings, a baroque
pulpit with the native pineapple as a motif, the grand
pipe organ, the antechoir with a 16th-century crucifix,
the choir seats carved in molave with ivory inlays of the
17th century and the set of 16 huge and beautiful
chandeliers from Paris.

.
C H A R A C T E R IST IC S O F S PA N I S H
C O L O N IA L A R C H IT E C T U R E
The Spanish Colonial Period in Philippine architectural development is a
reflection of the Spanish style of architecture which is clearly seen in the two
important architectural structures considered as colonial marks of the Spanish
Era architecture: the house and the church.

• BAHAY NA BATO
• CHURCHES
B A H AY N A B ATO
Architectural Analysis:
•Plan
- The bahay na bato is a two-storey house with the upper floor overhanging
(volada) the ground floor. The ground floor contains the following areas:

Zaguan Comun or latrina

Cuadra Paliguan
Bodega Azotea
Entresuelo Cuarto
Patio Balcon
B A H AY N A B ATO
Decorative Furnishings and
Ornamentation
•Decoration comes in various forms from the ceiling to the furnishings found
in each room. Ceilings are usually decorated with paintings directly on the
wooden boards or on canvases. Moldings are occasionally used on walls and
ceilings.

•European influenced furnitures, draperies, tapestries and carpets, paintings,

porcelain jars, or a piano can be found in the sala of the house. Biombos or
free-standing partitions were used to separate areas of different functions. The
caida, when used as a receiving area for the professional head of the house,
may be provided with a desk. A kapiya, a church pew-like piece of furniture,
accompany the desk.
B A H AY N A B ATO
Decorative Furnishings and
Ornamentation
• The comedor is well-furnished. Plateras or glass-paneled cabinets are
used for the display of silverware while waist-high cabinet or mesa
platera and trinchante are used as service table for the food served from
the kitchen. Chandeliers provide lighting to the long dining table. A
punkah or ceiling cloth fan, placed lower than the chandelier over the
table, is used for driving away flies.

•In the kitchen, furnishings are the paminggalan which is used forstoring
leftover food; dapogan, the cooking apparatus; horno, the brick oven; and
banggera, where wet utensils are left to dry
 CHURCHES
•The Church architecture on the other hand, prevailed all over the country.
Early churches evolved in the same manner as the nipa house. They were
built of local materials like wood, rattan and nipa. Since these materials could
not withstand the devastating effects of fire, typhoon and earthquakes, the
Spanish friars introduced a more sturdy church using timber hardwood of
narra, guijo and molave; sand and gravel; adobe; and, lime and bricks.

• Though adaptations to the basic design were made in various parts of the
country according to the particular needs of an area, the Spanish influence
nevertheless was very evident. Churches and cathedrals built during the
period were erected in conformity with town planning procedures set by a
proclamation known as the Laws of the Indies
CHURCHES

• Church plan was either basilican or cruciform in plan with the convento
attached to the church proper. Design of the facade followed the Romanesque,
Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque styles. These styles were usually mixed
with one another.
Spanish colonial architecture
features design elements

• terra-cotta clay tile roofs

• white stucco walls,
• soft arches, and
• carved wooden doors.
 GROUP 10
LEADER: Angel nel Mina
MEMBERS: Jhon lloyd Doles
Russell Ellamil
Joshua Amerol
Micah Malangis
Kaila basuel

THANK YOU!