RESEARCH TOPIC:-

EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER AND FLY ASH

ON GROWTH OF LOCAL VARIETY OF TOMATO
PLANT (CHERRY OR CERASIFORME) GROWING
IN DISTRICT ABBOTTABAD
SUBMITTED BY : KAYINAT GUL AWAN (326)
MARRIYUM BIBI (202)
LAIBA ZEB (290)

SUPERVISED BY : MADIHA IFTIKHAR

BS. BOTANY (VIII)
 SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L:
SYSTEMATIC POSITION
• Kingdom :: plantae
• Clade :: trachiophytes
• Clade :: eudicots
• Clade :: asterids
• Order :: solanales
• Family :: solanaceae
• Genus :: solanum
• Specie :: lycopersicum
• Variety :: cerasiforme
 INTRODUCTION:
• Tomato (solanum lycopersicum L.) an important vegetable crop
belonging to family solanaceae is widely grown all over the world.
• Tomato is one of the most cultivated horticultural crop
worldwide.Despite being a fruit , it’s generally eaten and prepared
like a vegetable.
• In 1753, linnaeus placed the tomato in the genus solanum as
solanum lycopersicum (tomato).
• Tomato (solanum lycopersicum L.) Is a rich source of minerals,
vitamins, fiber and dietary source of antioxidants and essential
amino acids.
• Its production varies annually as well as seasonally.
• In pakistan, tomatoes can be grown all the year round with care, with the
exception of areas in which the temperature regularly plummets below zero. In
the winter months, it can take two to three months or even longer for maturity.
• The optimum temperature for tomato growth ranges from 22-32°c. Average
annual temperature in abbottabad is 15.9°c / 60.6°f
• Therefore, application of fertilizers (ammonia, urea) is one of the most
important factor for obtaining well developed tomato.
• Nitrogen plays an important role in the plant development and growth. So, it is
better to apply nitrogen during the growing stage of tomato crop.
• Fly ash, a black solid waste is produced in huge quantities during coal burning.
Fly ash addition can improve the nutrient status of soil and neutralize soil acidity.
• Tomato plants grown in the ash-soil mixture showed luxuriant growth with
bigger and greener leaves as compared to plants grown in nitrogen fertilizer.
• . Fly ash (fa), despite of its ill effects on agricultural land, has become an aid for
the farming community.
• Because of its great availability and low cost, further possibility of its usage
should be investigated.
STUDY AREA:-
• This research is aimed to be conducted in abbottabad district in the hazara division of khyber
pakhtunkhwa, it is in the orash valley lying between 34. 92on latitude and 73. 13oe longitude at an
altitude of 1,256m.
• The district named after Major James Abbott, the first deputy commissioner of Hazara 1849-1853.
• 4th largest city of Pakistan.
• Humid subtropical climate with mild to warm temperature .
• Temperature can rise as high as 38C and drops below -5C.
• Annual rain fall is 60.3inches.
LITERATURE REVIEW:-
• Originating from the andes, tomatoes (solanum lycopersicum L.) Were imported to Europe in the
16th century.
• At present tomato plant (solanum lycopersicum) has become an economically important edible crop.
• In 1753, linnaeus placed the tomato in the genus solanum as solanum lycopersicum (tomato).
• Tomato holds an important position among crop plants in the european countries and the
mediterranean basin in particular, either as a field crop for processing tomato production or as a
vegetable crop for table fruit production.
• Nitrogen, being the most important macro nutrients, affects not only the vegetative growth, but also
the fruit yield of a crop.
• Processing tomato cropping systems are very beneficial in terms of nutrient inputs, and
generally, the applied fertilizer techniques aim to increase yield.
• Pakistan ranks 33rd and 52nd, respectively in the world in terms of tomato production and export
value.
• For increasing demand for food, current agricultural systems rely on nitrogen fertilizers, which
represents the reactive or biologically available nitrogen in soil.
• Fly ash treatment enhanced the tomato yield and adversely affected the disease intensity.
• It was found that ash application greatly increased the soil contents of P, K, B, ca, mg, mn, zn,
carbonates, bicarbonates and sulphates.
AIMS AND OBEJECTIVES:-
The aim behind conducting this research is to conserve the local variety of tomato
plant(cerasiforme) of Abbottabad which is now becoming a rare species of tomato and to
study the effect of climate change on growth of tomato plant in Abbottabad.
The present research is intended to evaluate the effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizers
(ammonia, urea) and fly ash in tomato plant (cerasiforme) under the agro-climatic conditions
in Abbottabad, Pakistan and to check maximum growth at different stages of plant life.
 Objectives of study are as follows:
To evaluate the effect on growth in seeds treated with fly ash, in seeds sown in soil with fly
ash and nitrogen fertilizers and in seeds sown in soil without fly ash and fertilizers.
To check maximum growth at different stages of plant life.
To check fruit yield per plant and fruit diameter.
METHODOLOGY:-
 Then stored seeds will be planted in pots. The average temperature at which tomato
thrive are between 14-32oc (march-june). However, it is vulnerable to 35 oc.
 We will apply different doses of nitrogen fertilizers in the form of ammonia and
urea and fly ash and the different parameters will be studied, like, vegetative growth
in stem, leaf, etc. Number of days required for flowering, number of days required
for fruiting, fruit diameter and yield of tomato per plant (solanum lycopersicum L.).

The seeds of the tomato will be obtained from the locally grown tomato variety,
cerasiforme (cherry) and will be stored in fly ash and without fly ash for 2 months.
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