JAPANESE PERIOD

January 2, 1942 September 2, 1945

Timeline


Japan opened a surprise attack on the Philippines on December 8, 1941 Manila, declared an open city to stop its destruction, was occupied by the Japanese on January 2, 1942
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 April

9, 1942 surrender of Bataan and Death March; 10-day march from 10Mariveles, Bataan to Camp O Donnell in Capas, Tarlac  May 6, 1942 Corregidor fell in the hands of Commander Homma of the Japanese Imperial Forces

DEATH MARCH

Corregidor Map

Timeline


Oct. 14, 1943 sponsored a Philippine Republic, with Jos P. Laurel, former Supreme Court justice, as president. Osmea , with Douglas MacArthur returned to the Philippines with the first liberation forces by Oct. 20, 1944 at Leyte, in the heart of the islands, after months of U.S. air strikes against Mindanao. The Philippine government was established at Tacloban, Leyte, on Oct. 23.
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Timeline
 July

5, 1945, MacArthur announced All the Philippines are now liberated.  Fighting continued until Japan's formal surrender on September 2, 1945.  The Philippine congress met on June 9, 1945, for the first time since its election in 1941.

Timeline
 It

faced huge problems. The land was destroyed by war, the economy destroyed, the country torn by political warfare and guerrilla violence.  Osmea s leadership was challenged (Jan., 1946) when one wing (now the Liberal party) of the Nationalist party nominated for president Manuel Roxas, who defeated Osmea in April.
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Jose P. Laurel
- president of the JapaneseJapanese-sponsored Philippine Republic, Oct. 14, 1943

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POLITICS
 

January 23, 1942 Philippine Executive Commission with Jorge B. Vargas as chairman department heads:
Benigno Aquino, Sr., interior; Antonio de las Alas, finance; Jose P. Laurel, justice; Claro M. Recto, education, health, and public welfare; and Quintin Paredes, public works and communication; Jose Yulo was named Chief Justice of the Supreme court.
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President Jose P. Laurel with Jorge Vargas and Benigno Aquino Sr.

 President

Jose P. Laurel with Jorge Vargas and Benigno Aquino Sr. (24"x31")

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 The

Preparatory Commission for Philippine Independence (PCPI) - is to draw up a constitution for a free Philippines with Jose Laurel as its head.  Against the will of the PCPI delegates the new Constitution was finalized on July 10, 1943. Two months later it was ratified by the KALIBAPI, which was the only political KALIBAPI, party allowed to exist at that time. KALIBAPI is the acronym for "Kapisanan "Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas". Pilipinas".
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The Second Republic

 On

September 20 1943, the KALIBAPIKALIBAPI- under the leadership of its director general, Benigno Aquino Sr. held a party convention to elect 54 members of the National Assembly.  The Assembly was actually made up of 108 members; but half of this number was composed of incumbent governors and city mayors.
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 Jose

P. Laurel was elected as president of the second republic and both Benigno Aquino Sr. & Ramon Avancena as a vicevicepresidents.  The new republic was inaugurated on October 14 1943 on the front steps of the legislative building in Manila.
 The

Philippine flag was hoisted as the national anthem was played.

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 Meanwhile,

the Japanese started using propaganda to gain the trust and confidence of Filipinos who refused to cooperate with them. They hung giant posters and distribute their materials that contains such slogans as "the Philippines belong to the Filipinos."
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 they

also used newspapers, movies, and others to publicize the same idea. Promoting Japanese propaganda was one of the main objectives of the KALIBAPI, KALIBAPI, but still Japanese failed to gain the trust of the Filipinos.

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EDUCATION
 Japanese

educational policies were embodied in Military Order No. 2 in 1942.  The Philippine Executive Commission established the Commission of Education, Health and Public Welfare and schools were reopened in June 1942.  On October 14, 1943, the Japanese sponsored Republic created the Ministry of Education.
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EDUCATION
 Under

the Japanese regime, the teaching of Tagalog, Philippine History, and Character Education was reserved for Filipinos. Love for work and dignity of labor was emphasized.  On February 27, 1945, the Department of Instruction was made part of the Department of Public Instruction
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Instructions Japanese Sentry

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 Japanese plan

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PICTURES


Tanks of Japanese General Masaharu Homma's 14th Army deploy in the Philippines after the Japanese invasion of Luzon.

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PICTURES


Lieutenant General Masaharu Homma steps ashore at Lingayen Gulf after his troops have secured a beachhead.

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PICTURES


The island stronghold of Corregidor at the entrance to Manila Bay has fallen after a lengthy siege and Japanese troops lower the American flag.

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PICTURES


Japanese troops scream "Banzai". They have conquered the Philippines and will now take their revenge on the American and Philippine troops who resisted them for so long.
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PICTURES


Death was to be the fate of many of the American and Philippine troops who were forced by their Japanese captors to take part in the infamous Bataan Death March.

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PICTURES


To save them from execution by the Japanese guards, prisoners carry comrades who have collapsed during the Bataan Death March from sickness, heat and exhaustion.

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POSTWAR


Legislative Building in Ruins, Manila

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Manila, after Warsaw, was the most destroyed Allied city of World War II from Karnow, S. In Our Image

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Corner of Taft Avenue and Calle Herran From The Battle for Manila in 1954 by Armand V. Fabella, Mabuhay Magazine, February, 1995

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A nurse pushing a cart during an evacuation near the Philippine Women's College. From the Battle for Manila in 1945 by Armand V. Fabella, Mabuhay Magazine, February 1995.
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COMFORT WOMEN

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COMFORT WOMEN


Former Filipino comfort woman Piedad Nobleza, 86, holds slogans during a demonstration outside the Japanese Embassy in Pasay City Friday. Elderly Filipino women and their supporters demanded Tokyo's clear-cut clearapology and compensation for wartime sexual slavery by Japanese troops. AP/AARON FAVILAAssociated Press First Posted 17:41:00 08/15/2008
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