WAT ER F IL T R AT IO N

SY S T E M
CHONG ZHEN SZE
LOW EURYCO
SEAH NI JUN​
 WATER
PURIFICATION
FILTRATION SYSTEM BY USING
WASTE MATERIAL
PROBLEM STATEMENT 1.What are the effectiveness of the filtrate
materials on different water samples?

2.What is the best filtrate material for

filtration system ?
 1.To determine the effectiveness of the
OBJECTIVE
filtrate materials on different water
samples.

2.To determine the best filtrate material

for filtration system.
 INTRODUCTION
Filtration is the process in which solid particles in a liquid or gaseous fluid are removed
by the use of a filter medium that allows the fluid to pass through while retaining the solid
particles.

During filtration, the water passes through filters that have different pore sizes and are
made of different materials (such as sand, gravel, and charcoal). These filters remove
dissolved particles and germs, such as dust, chemicals, parasites, bacteria, and viruses.

Water filtration is an essential part of the water treatment process to make water safe for
drinking. The earliest forms of water filters can be traced back some 4,000 years ago. in the
5th century BC, Hippocrates was the first to develop the concept of passing water through a
cloth to help remove silt and other sediments until now modern
METHODOLOGY • TASK ONE:
IDENTIFICATION AND ACQUISITION OF
CONTAMINATED WATER SOURCE

• TASK TWO: WATER SAMPLE ANALYSIS

• TASK THREE: WATER FILTRATION SYSTEM
• TASK FOUR: IDENTITY THE RESULT OF CHANGES
OF THE PURIFIED WATER WITH DIFFERENT
FILTRATION MATERIAL IN THE FILTRATION SYSTEM
TASK 1
Collect water sample
METHODOLOGY • TASK ONE:
IDENTIFICATION AND ACQUISITION OF
CONTAMINATED WATER SOURCE

• TASK TWO: WATER SAMPLE ANALYSIS

• TASK THREE: WATER FILTRATION SYSTEM
• TASK FOUR: IDENTITY THE RESULT OF CHANGES
OF THE PURIFIED WATER WITH DIFFERENT
FILTRATION MATERIAL IN THE FILTRATION SYSTEM
TASK 2
Use PH meter to know the
ph of the water sample
METHODOLOGY • TASK ONE:
IDENTIFICATION AND ACQUISITION OF
CONTAMINATED WATER SOURCE

• TASK TWO: WATER SAMPLE ANALYSIS

• TASK THREE: WATER FILTRATION SYSTEM
• TASK FOUR: IDENTITY THE RESULT OF CHANGES
OF THE PURIFIED WATER WITH DIFFERENT
FILTRATION MATERIAL IN THE FILTRATION SYSTEM
TASK 3 TASK 4
Use PH meter, observation and
Ideal filtration system:
bod test to identify the result
 Water analyzing technique

pH meter is used for measuring the pH level of the water before and after the experiment.
Before using the pH meter, the pH meter need to be immersed into alkaline, acidic and
distilled water until a constant value is obtain to reset the pH of the pH meter

Biodiversity oxygen demand test method is used to undergoes the BOD test through the
intensity of methylene blue. The intensity of blue represent the dissolved oxygen in the
water.

Suspended solid is observed through solid or impurities that contain inside the water.

Colour of the water is directly observed by the observers.

Material used :
1. Unclean water
2. Rock
3. Rice husk
4. Cotton
5. Activated carbon
6. Bottle
7. Coconut Husk Fiber
8. Zeolite
9. Rice-husk-ash
10. Filter paper
 Rocks

Pebbles

Charcoal
Filter paper

Filtrate material
Ex: coconut husk / rice
husk/ zeolite

Cotton
Coconut Husk Zeolite Rice Husk Ash
1. WATER FILTRATION SYSTEM IS DONE AS SHOWN ABOVE .
2. WATER SAMPLE IS POURED SLOWLY THROUGH THE WATER
FILTRATION SYSTEM.
3. THE FILTERED WATER WAS COLLECTED WITH A BEAKER.
4. WATER SAMPLES WAS TESTED BY USING THE SAME PH
METER AND METHYLENE BLUE AFTER THE FILTRATION.
5. THEN THE FILTRATE MATERIAL IS SWAPPED WITH ANOTHER
MATERIAL.
6. WATER FILTRATION SYSTEM IS DONE AS SHOWN BELOW
7. WATER SAMPLE OF EACH TYPE OF FILTRATE MATERIAL
THEN COMPARED.
• THIS IS A VERY SMART PROGRESS.
 FAILED SAMPLE
• THE SAND LAYER ARE TOO SMALL
THEREFORE IT PASS THROUGH THE
SPACE BETWEEN BOTTLE AND
FILTRATE PAPER, EVEN THE SPACES
BETWEEN COTTON BALL. THEN, WE
CHANGED IT TO ACTIVATED CARBON
WHICH IS MORE STABLE.
OBSERVATION, RESULT, DISCUSSION
WATER ACIDITY BEFORE EXPERIMENT

Pond Water Mud Water Rain Water

METHYLENE BLUE IS ADDED INTO WATER
SAMPLE
MUD WATER RESULT FOR ALL OF THE
FILTRATE MATERIAL
POND WATER RESULT FOR ALL TYPE OF FILTRATE MATERIAL
RAIN WATER RESULT FOR ALL OF THE FILTRATE
MATERIAL
RESULT
Result after :
Water sample before the Experiment
pH Level Biodiversity oxygen
Filtrate Colour
demand test (BOD)
material colour of methylene
blue after 2 days in
dark room

Mud water  Light blue intensity  Muddy brown colour

 7.8
Pond water 9.9  Light blue intensity Olivine colour

Rain water  6.2  Light blue intensity colourless

Result after :
Result by using coconut husk filtration system
Filtrate pH Level Biodiversity oxygen Colour
demand test (BOD)
material colour of methylene
blue after 2 days in
dark room

Mud water  7.7  dark blue intensity light brown

colour
Pond water  7.3  dark blue intensity  light brown
colour
Rain water  6.5  dark blue intensity  light brown
colour
Result after :
Result by using zeolite filtration system
Filtrate pH Level Biodiversity oxygen
demand test (BOD)
Colour
material colour of methylene
blue after 2 days in
dark room

Mud water  7.7   dark blue  milky white

intensity

Pond water  8.6   dark blue  colourless

intensity

Rain water  6.6   dark blue  colourless

intensity
Result after :
Result by using rice husk filtration system
Filtrate pH Level Biodiversity oxygen Colour
demand test (BOD)
material colour of methylene
blue after 2 days in
dark room

Mud water  6.9   dark blue  light brown

intensity
Pond water  6.6   dark blue  cloudy
intensity
Rain water  6.7   dark blue  cloudy
intensity
 • INTHIS STUDY IT WAS OBSERVED THAT THE
ADSORBENTS MATERIALS SUCH AS COCONUT HUSK,
RICE HUSK MAY HAVE GOOD EFFICIENT IN IMPROVING
THE PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
WASTE WATER. IT IS OBSERVED THAT THE FILTER
MODEL WILL SIGNIFICANTLY IN THE REMOVAL OF PH,

O N
I
TURBIDITY, BOD. HENCE IT IS FOUND THAT THE FILTER

SS HAVE EFFECTIVE REMOVAL OF IMPURITIES FOR THE

C U DOMESTIC WASTE WATER. THE RESULT OF THIS FILTER

IS WILL BE FOUND TO BE AN EFFECTIVE ADSORBENT

D FILTER FOR THE REMOVAL OF IMPURITIES FROM

DOMESTIC WASTE WATER AND THE TREATED WATER
USE FOR IRRIGATION, GARDENING, CAR WASHING.

• YET, THE
RESULT FROM OUR EXPERIMENT IS NOT
SUITABLE FOR DRINKING.
•CAN YOU UNDERSTAND?
IT’S OKAY, I CANT EITHER.
• THE DIFFERENT LAYERS OF THE FILTER HELP TO PULL THE DIRTY PARTICLES OUT
OF THE WATER.

• GRAVEL OR SMALL STONES ARE USED TO FILTER OUT LARGE SEDIMENTS, LIKE
LEAVES OR INSECTS.

• THE COTTON BALL LAYER ACTS AS A COARSE FILTER FOR LARGE MUDDY
PARTICLES AND TO KEEP THE ACTIVATED CHARCOAL OR CLAY PARTICLES FROM
GETTING INTO THE CLEANED WATER.

• THE ACTIVATED CHARCOAL LAYER IS AMAZING AT TRAPPING THE IMPURITIES IN

ITS NETWORK OF HOLES AND TUNNELS.

• THE FILTRATE PAPER LAYER HELPS TO KEEP THE OTHER LAYERS OF YOUR FILTER
FROM FALLING OUT INTO YOUR WATER.
activated carbon
CHLORINE REMOVAL
 Chlorine is used widely in the disinfection of public water supplies as it is a powerful
germicide.
 It can cause problems when consumed and leave the water with an undesirable taste.
 This is where activated charcoal comes in, as it’s very effective in the removal of chlorine
from water.
REMOVAL OF ORGANIC MATTER
 The quality of activated carbon that is used in the removal of organic matter from wastewater is its particulate
nature.
 Organic matter includes decaying plant life and manmade sources, and it gets trapped inside the activated carbon
filter in the process of adsorption.
 Carbon with small pores makes the most effective filter as it does not allow any of the contaminants to pass
through.
 Depending on the water purification needs, the activated carbon filter can be made from a material that can
interact chemically with the organic matter in the water.
ZEOLITE
• Zeolite has the ability to convert existing cations to other cations depends on the
ion selection.
• It is capable of selecting a variety of cations contained in the heavy metal to be
removed from the effluent materials through the ion exchange process.
• Cations including copper, cadmium, zinc, magnesium, mercury, iron, aluminum
and others.
• Zeolite also have the ability to reduce the number of harmful heavy metals such as
copper and chromium.
• Ion exchange is to remove the ammonia (NH3) and ammonium (NH4+) in
aquaculture ammonia
 COCONUT HUSK

 Coconut husk fragments provide an effective and durable wastewater filtering

medium because they have the right proportion of micropores and macropores.
 Micropores are an ideal environment for the microorganisms that make
biological wastewater treatment possible.
 Macropores, on the other hand, promote the gas and water exchanges that are
essential for effective treatment.
 The structure of coconut husk fragments contains fibres that are interconnected
by parenchyma, a natural binder that has a high absorption capacity.
 This unique characteristic gives the filtering medium
RICE HUSK
 Rice husk can be as an adsorbent for the removal of various pollutants
from water and wastewaters.
 Heavy metals can be removed very effectively with rice husk as an
adsorbent.
 Heavy metal are removed from rice husk structure through
characteristics of the adsorbent surface of rice husk
REASONS FOR UNUSUAL PH VALUE OF
ZEOLITE ON POND WATER
Zeolite showed raise pH in pond water is due to a its
mineral contain in it. Zeolite is a compound known as
sodium aluminosilicate. one unit with a bed of sodium
aluminosilicate zeolite crystals can raise the pH,
soften the water, and reduce the iron.
 • RICE HUSK IS ONE OF THE EFFECTIVE
MATERIAL AS FILTRATION LAYER
CONCLUSION
COMPARE TO OTHERS FILTRATION
LAYERS THAT ARE COCONUT HUSK AND
ZEOLITE. THIS IS BECAUSE RICE HUSK
GIVES THE MOST CONSISTENCE OF PH
AFTER FILTRATION COMPARE WITH
OTHER FILTRATION LAYERS.