ICE-LAB

Variable Valve
Movement
M ALEEM FARYAD 2019-ME-01
AHMAD HASSAN 2019-ME-07
AZAM ZAHEER 2019-ME-40
WHY
NEED?
Different Conditions of Engine while
Operation:
• Idling
• Load
Different power outputs are required in these
situations.
 Variable Valve
Timing Lift Duration
Time at which valve opens Lift of the valve is varied Lift remains same as well as
and closes, changes but the but the timing and duration the timing but duration is
duration and lift remain remains same. varied.
same.

ALL CAN BE CHANGED BY CHANGING LOBE

PROFILE AND ARRANGMENT OF CAMSHAFT
 Variable Valve Timing
• It is mostly done by cam phasing, changing the
angle of cam movement.

• By changing the Gears of the camshaft through

which are attached to the crank shaft.

• Height (Lift) and Width (Duration) both are

same but time is changing.
 Variable Valve Lift
• It is mostly done by cam changing, changing the
camshaft or lobe and third rocker arm for high
loads.

• By changing the Gears of the camshaft through

which are attached to the crank shaft or by using
solenoid.

• Starting-Ending points (Timing) and Width

(Duration) both are same but the height is
changing.
 Variable Valve Duration
• It usually done by lobe changing, changing the
lobe having more nose surface but same ramp
height.

• Also by changing the Gears of the camshaft

through which are attached to the crank shaft or
by using solenoid.

• Height (lift) is same but the duration of time is

changing.
 VVT Techniques
Cam Phasing Cam Changing
The lobes of the cam are Either the cam is shifted,
same and so is the cam itself moved left or right for
but the phase angle is changing the lobe or the
altered. Valves are opened third rocker arm comes in
and closed at different contact with the larger lobe.
angles.
 Cam Phasing
• Done by using engine
management system actuated by
hydraulic system.
• Improves torque delivery and
continuous.
• Does not come with VVL and
VVD.
• Used in Audi V8 Inlet, Ferrari 360
Modena Exhaust, Jaguar AJV6.
 Cam Changing
• Oil pressure is used to connect the third
rocker arm to with the larger lobe profile
present between 2 normal lobes.
• Provides more power, increases lift and
duration.
• Not continuous.
• Used in Honda VTEC, Nissan Neo VVL.
• In some cars, cam shaft is moved left or
right for changing lobe.
 Intake Valve Opening
Early Opening Late Opening
• Early valve opening cause • Lesser Air-Fuel mixture in
the exhaust to be forced the chamber so lowers the
out of the chamber. fuel consumption.
• More fresh air-fuel • But causes inefficient
mixture is added resulting burning as most of the burnt
more power. gas remains in the chamber.
• Done in high load. • Done in idling.
 Intake Valve Closing
Early Closing Late Closing
• Lesser air-fuel mixture • More air-fuel mixture enters
and no back pressure in the chamber because of
losses. ram-effect (RAM EFFECT),
• Low consumption and caused by the inertia of the
better for Idling. pressurized mixture at the
BDC.
• More Efficient burning and
power in the output.
 Exhaust Valve Opening
Early Opening Late Opening
• Opening the exhaust valve • Causes extra load on the
jut before the BDC crank shaft resulting more
ensures more efficient losses.
exhaust and lowers the • Produces pulsation in the
pressure on piston during output.
exhaust stroke (BLOW
DOWN EFFECT).
• Lesser losses and better
for power stroke.
 Exhaust Valve
Early Closing
• Not all the burnt gas is
removed from the chamber.
• Causes extra load on the
piston and inefficient burning
in the next cycle.
Late Closing
• All the exhaust gas is removed
from the chamber properly as the
intake fresh gas pushes the burnt
gas to the outlet.
• More Efficient burning and
power in the output.
• OVERLAP in exhaust closing
and intake opening produces
more power.
 HIGH LOAD TIMING CYCLE

• Early Intake Valve • Early Exhaust Valve

Opening Opening

• Late Intake Valve • Late Exhaust Valve

Closing. Closing.
 APPLICATIONS
Valve Operation Used by
Valvetronic Changes variable valve timing & lift on intake valve only, electronic BMW
control system.
VANOS Change the timing by changing camshaft position using drive gear. BMW
VTEC Utilizes two camshaft profiles and selects electronically. Honda
VarioCam Varies intake timing by adjusting the tension of a cam change Porche
AVCS Varies phase with hydraulic pressure. Subaru
AVLS By switching between to sets of lobes. Subaru
VVT-i Electronic actuators are used to change the speed of the camshaft. Toyota