This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts in C#, including class and object, fields, properties, methods, constructors, static keyword, arrays and lists as parameters, and passing value and reference types. It defines OOP, describes the benefits of OOP over procedural programming, and explains key OOP concepts like encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism through examples in C#.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts in C#, including class and object, fields, properties, methods, constructors, static keyword, arrays and lists as parameters, and passing value and reference types. It defines OOP, describes the benefits of OOP over procedural programming, and explains key OOP concepts like encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism through examples in C#.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts in C#, including class and object, fields, properties, methods, constructors, static keyword, arrays and lists as parameters, and passing value and reference types. It defines OOP, describes the benefits of OOP over procedural programming, and explains key OOP concepts like encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism through examples in C#.
• What is OOP? TOPICS • Class and Object • Fields • Properties • Methods • Constructors / Constructor Parameters • Static keyword • Using Arrays and Lists • Using Params keyword • Passing Value and Reference Type What is OOP? • OOP stands for Object-Oriented Programming. • Procedural programming is about writing procedures or methods that perform operations on the data, while object-oriented programming is about creating objects that contain both data and methods. What is OOP? Object-oriented programming has several advantages over procedural programming:
• OOP is faster and easier to execute
• OOP provides a clear structure for the programs • OOP helps to keep the C# code DRY "Don't Repeat Yourself", and makes the code easier to maintain, modify and debug • OOP makes it possible to create full reusable applications with less code and shorter development time What is OOP? Tip: The "Don't Repeat Yourself" (DRY) principle is about reducing the repetition of code. You should extract out the codes that are common for the application, and place them at a single place and reuse them instead of repeating it. Class and Object • Everything in C# is associated with classes and objects, along with its attributes and methods. For example: in real life, a car is an object. The car has attributes, such as weight and color, and methods, such as drive and brake. • A Class is like an object constructor, or a "blueprint" for creating objects. Class • To create a class, we use the class keyword • Create a class named “Car” with a variable color: Object • An object is created from a class. We have already created the class named Car, so now we can use this to create objects. • To create an object of Car, specify the class name, followed by the object name, and use the keyword new: • Create an object called “myObj” and use it to print value of color Fields • The variables inside the class called “fields”, and that you can access them by creating an object of the class, and by using the dot syntax (.) • The following example will create an object of the Car class, with the name “myObj”. Then we print the value of the fields color and maxSpeed: Properties • A property is like a combination of a variable and a method, and it has two methods: a get and a set method: • A private variables can be accesses within the same class (an outside class has no access to it). However, sometimes we need to access them – and it can be done with properties Methods • A method is defined with the name of the method, followed by parenthesis (). C# provides some pre-defined methods, which you already familiar with, such as Main(), but you can also create your own methods ti perform certain action: • To call (execute) a method, write the method’s name followed by two parenthesis () and a semicolon:; Constructors • A constructor is a special method that is used to initialize objects. The advantage of a constructors, is that it is called when an object of a class is created. It can be used to set initial values of fields. Constructors Parameters • Constructors can also take parameters, which is used to initialize fields Static keyword • A static class is non-instantiable i.e. a variable of the class cannot be created using the new keyword. So, the static class members have to be accessed using the class name itself. • A static class is defined using the keyword static. It can only have static data members and static methods. If this rule is not followed, there is a compile time error. Array as parameter • To use an array as a parameter, we add a square bracket [] after the parameter’s data type in the method declaration.
• To call this method, we need to declare an array and pass it in as an
argument to the method. List as parameter Returning to the method in an array parameter Returning to the method in an list parameter Params Keyword • What if you're not sure of the number of arguments? This is where "params" keyword is useful. • The "params" keyword in C# allows a method to accept a variable number of arguments. C# params works as an array of objects. By using params keyword in a method argument definition, we can pass a number of arguments. Params Keyword Value Type vs. Reference Type • Within the class, we have two methods. The first method accepts a value type variable and tries to change the value of that variable. It then prints the value of the variable. • The second method accepts an array (reference type) and tries to change the value of the first element in the array. It then prints the value of that element Thanks for listening! Alubijid | Balubal | Cagayan de Oro | Claveria | Jasaan | Oroquieta | Panaon | Villanueva