Health & Hygiene

Contents
• Systems
• Cleanliness
• Food
• Sanitation
• Water ( supply & purification)
• Physical and mental health
• Diseases
• First aid
• First aid in medical emergencies – wounds & fractures
• Methods of carrying a patient
Digestive system
Respiratory system
Circulatory system
Excretory system
 Nervous system
• Central
brain & spinal cord
• Peripheral
Peripheral nerves
• Autonomic
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
Skeletal system
Muscular system
 Cleanliness
Hygiene helps in:
• Developing healthy habits and attitudes
• Developing attractive personality
• Developing emotional stability
• Maintaining healthy atmosphere
• Teeth - sharpness
• Ears
• Eyes
• Nose and throat – close connection w/other organs
• Nails and fingers
• Skin- largest physical barrier
• Clothes – breathable
• Hair
• Bowel – roughage and daily movements
 Food and rest
• food hygiene is to ensure safe food from
production to consumption
• Different types –
• Milk, meat, fish, egg, fruits and vegetables
• Hygiene of eating places
• Food handlers hygiene
Balanced diet
 Sanitation
• It means to keep the living area and its
surrounding neat and clean. It involves
removal of waste products and refuse.
•
Types of refuse
Waste segregation
Disposal of waste
Water
 Purification

• Boiling
• Sterilization – chlorine / bleach
• Pinking – potassium permanganate
• Precipitation – alum + filtration
• Clarification – series of filters
 Physical and Mental Health
“A state of complete physical, mental and social
well being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity”
Elements of good health
 Communicable & Non Communicable
Diseases
•  An interruption, cessation, or disorder of a body, syst
em, or organ structure or function.
Communicable diseases
• Prevention
Vaccines
 First aid
• Temporary help given to an injured or a sick
person before professional medical treatment
can be provided.
Aims :
1. Preserve life
2. Prevent further injury
3. Promote recovery
First aid in medical emergencies
 Open chest wound
• Recognition
Treatment
• Check ABC:
Airway – obstruction
Breathing – deep, rapid, shallow
Circulation – pulse? Strong, bounding, thready
Treatment:
Wound dressing
Fractures
Methods of carrying patient