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Ch03 OS9e
Ch03 OS9e
Ch03 OS9e
Systems:
Internals
and Design Chapter 3
Principles Process Description
and Control
Ninth Edition
By William Stallings
Program code
which may be shared with other processes that are executing the
same program
when the processor begins to execute the program code, we refer to this
executing entity as a process
Identifier
Program
State Priority
counter
To manage
• Where the
and process is located
control a • The attributes of
process the process that
the OS are necessary for
its management
must
know:
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Process Control Structures
Process Location Process Attributes
A process must include a program Each process has associated with
or set of programs to be executed it a number of attributes that are
used by the OS for process control
A process will consist of at least
sufficient memory to hold the The collection of program, data,
programs and data of that process stack, and attributes is referred to
as the process image
The execution of a program
typically involves a stack that is Process image location will
used to keep track of procedure depend on the memory
calls and parameter passing management scheme being used
between procedures
(Table is located
on page 125 in the
textbook)
(Table is located
on page 125 in the textbook)
• User-visible
• Contains condition
Consists registers codes plus other
of the
contents • Control and Progra status information
of status m status • EFLAGS register is
processo word an example of a
registers PSW used by any
r (PSW)
registers • Stack OS running on an
pointers x86 processor
Typical
Functions
of an
Operating
System
Kernel
User Processes
Operate in user mode to execute user programs and utilities
Operate in kernel mode to execute instructions that belong to the kernel
Enter kernel mode by issuing a system call, when an exception is generated, or
when an interrupt occurs
3.10
UNIX
Process
Image
(Table is located on
page 140 in the
textbook)