HISTORY OF

CIVIL
IN ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL

ENGINEERING
TIMES

CE103 - B77
GROUP 1 • AGON, JOHN ANGELO • AQUINO, REIGN ANDREW
• ALFONSO, GUIA BETINA
• ARISTON, LEE JEAN
• BACCAY, JULIAN MARIE
• ALIMOT, NATHANIEL
• ANORE, GUILLERMO • BADILLA, MAXE TIARA
• AQUINO, PAOLO MIGUEL
• BALAGTAS, SERAFIN IV
History of Civil Engineering Profession
(Ancient)
It’s a science that includes a variety of disciplines including soils,
structures, geology, and other fields.

Utilization of manual labor only

4000 - 2000 BC

Civil engineering works could only be realized with the utilization of a

large number of skilled workers over an extended period of time

The primary structures civil engineers were concerned with are structures
that can be utilized as defensive resources such as bridges, canals, towers,
etc.
Pyramids were constructed in Egypt during 2800-2400 BC and may be
considered as the first large structure construction ever.

200 BC
Group 1
 ANCIENT TIME
ENGINEERING
ANCIENT BRIDGE OF SHADRAVAN

THE GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA

THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA

In the Ancient Era several stone structures were PONT DU GARD

constructed using basic tools. Example of such
structures are the Egyptian Pyramids, the Greek
Parthenon, and the Great Wall of China.

C I V I L E N G I N E E R I N G O R I E N TAT I O N
GROUP 1
ANCIENT BRIDGE OF
SHADRAVAN
• In southwest Iran, the Sassanid era saw the construction of
Shadravan or Caesar Bridge. Apparently, this bridge is the
oldest one in existence. In the southern Khuzestan
province, 300 meters to the southwest of Shushtar, is where
the historic bridge may be found.

• It was constructed on the major Karun River branch, and

today Azadegan Bridge lies next to its remains. It still
serves as a water pipe for fields, with 44 arches.

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GROUP 1
The Great Pyramid of Giza: A
Wonder of the Ancient World

• Pyramids are the most well-known structures from ancient

Egypt.
• Stone was used to create enormous structures, some of
which are the biggest ever constructed by humans.

• The greatest of the three Pyramids of Giza is the Great

Pyramid of Giza, commonly known as the Great Pyramid
or the Great Pyramid of Khufu. In 2560 BCE, it was
finished and dedicated to Khufu, the second ruler of
Egypt's 4th dynasty.

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GROUP 1
 The Great Wall of China

• The Great Wall of China is a historic network of walls and

walls in northern China that spans more than 13,000
kilometres.
• The Ming dynasty, which ruled from the 14th to the 17th
century A.D., constructed the Great Wall's most famous
and well-preserved segment.

• China's rulers constructed the Great Wall of China over

many years in order to defend their domain.

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GROUP 1
 Pont du Gard
• Aqueduct systems were created by ancient civilizations including the
Romans, Greeks, and Persians to transport water across great distances.
These developments used pipes and channels composed of materials like
stone, brick, and concrete to transport water by gravity.

• To facilitate the supply of water to towns and cities

• Efficient transportation of people and resources

• It serves as monument to the power and wealth of their cultural identity

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MEDIEVAL PERIOD
500-1400-1500 AD

• Several concepts and techniques

were developed
• Excessive Designs
• Master Masons were the
Structural Engineers
• Doesn’t have engineering theories
• Uses thumb rules

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TECHNIQUES
• THE CATHEDRALS WERE MADE
WITH A ROMANESQUE DESIGN
⚬ a massive quality
⚬ thick walls
⚬ round arches
⚬ sturdy piers
⚬ groin vaults
⚬ large towers
⚬ symmetrical plans

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TECHNIQUES
• GOTHIC BUILDINGS
⚬ thinner walls with large windows
⚬ pointed arches
⚬ flying buttresses
• FLYING BUTTRESSES
⚬ transfer gravitational forces from the
roofs and upper stories to external
pillars
⚬ allowing for thin walls with large
windows

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 DEVELOPMENTS
DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD

Religious Buildings

• It serves religious cultural symbolism

• To demonstrate the pride in their community
• It serves as monument to the power and wealth
of their cultural identity

Fortifications

• To protect a city from enemy attacks

• It serves as trade facilitation
• It demonstrate as their wealth status

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 IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
MEDIEVAL PERIOD

• "As an engineering enterprise, water supply

is mainly concerned with urban
communities." (Hill, 1996)
• Al-Jazira, today's Turkey and Iraq, was the
region between the upper reaches of the
Tigris and Euphrates in the Middle Ages on
the Murghab River, which supplied
irrigation water for vast farmlands.
Murghab River

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 DAMS
MEDIEVAL PERIOD

• As inspiration, the Muslims used the Roman

system of irrigation as an inspiration for dam-
building.
• In northern Italy, an irrigation canal from the Band-i-Amir

River Ticino to Milan was also constructed in

central Europe in 1179; this dam is today
referred to as Navigilio Grande.

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Navigilio Grande
 WINDMILLS
MEDIEVAL PERIOD

• Published in 1271, the Syrian geographer al-

Dimashqī provides the oldest description of these
windmills.
• A windmill at the Abbey of St Sauvere de Vicomte
in Normandy was the earliest recorded Windmill in
Western Europe.
• In 1270 New York, the first-ever illustration of a Abbey of St Sauvere de Vicomte in
Normandy
Windmill was published.

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 • Could help land owners to save
WINDMILLS money.
MEDIEVAL PERIOD • Must have the right speed to function
properly
• It requires wind to be useful.

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THANK YOU

C I V I L E N G I N E E R I N G O R I E N TAT I O N G R O U P 1