Real Number Properties and

Basic Word Problems

Natural Numbers……
 Known as “Counting” Numbers

 Example: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,…….
Whole Numbers……
 You add the number 0 to the natural
numbers.

 Example: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5…….
Integers……
 Integers are made up of whole
numbers and their opposites.

 Example: …-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4….
Rational Numbers……
 The set of rational numbers is made up
of all of the following
a. Natural Numbers
b. Whole Numbers
c. Integers
d. Plus every repeating and
terminating decimal.
Examples of Rational
Numbers……
 A. ½ = 0.5 (Terminating Decimal)

 B. 1.23232323 (Repeating Decimal)

 C. 0.256256256 (Repeating Decimal)

D. 2.735 (Terminating Decimal)

Irrational Numbers….
 Consists of Non-Terminating and Non-
Repeating Decimals.

 Example: 0.9482137507264
 Real Numbers (ℝ)
Rational Numbers (ℚ)
Irrational Numbers
Integers (ℤ) Decimal form is
non-terminating
Whole Numbers and non-repeating
Natural Numbers (ℕ)
1, 2, 3, …

0, 1, 2, 3, …

…-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …

Decimal form either

terminates or repeats

All rational and irrational numbers

 The Number Line……
 A number line consists of positive numbers
(right of 0) and negative numbers (left of 0).

 A real life example of a number line is a

temperature thermometer.

Negative Positive
0
For example…..
 -5 would represent 5 degrees below
zero.

 +4 would represent 4 degrees above

zero.
Make the Comparison……
 7 degrees below 0 is  Colder
(warmer/colder)
than 4 degrees
above 0.
 Lower
 7 degrees below 0 is
a (lower/higher)
temperature than 4
degrees above 0.
Coordinates on a Graph….
 Find the best estimate of the point.
a. -2 b. 2 c. -1.75 d. -1.5

2 1 0 1 2

Answer: -1.75
Sets and Subsets……
 A set is a group of numbers.
Example: Set A = {1,2,3,4,5}

 A subset is a group of numbers in which every

member is in another set.
Example: Set B = {1,2,3}

 So, B is a subset of A.
Which of the following would represent a
subset of integers?
 States Sales Tax Rate  7.5% - NO
 Amount of Gas in a Car  6.5 Gallons – NO
 Number of Students in Class
 A Dinner Receipt
 12 – YES
 $10.31 - NO
 Strategy: Eliminate
those that are NOT
integers.
You Try…Which of the following would
represent a subset of integers?
 Costs of a TV  No

 # of miles on the  No
odometer of a car

 A person’s weight  No

 Number of residents in  Yes

South Carolina
Inequalities…..
 We use inequalities to compare
numbers.
 The following are inequalities:

   
Examples…….
 “4 is less than 7” - 4  7

 “9 is greater than or equal to 5” -

95
You Try……Insert the appropriate
inequality sign.
1. -5 -2 1. <

2. -7 2 2. <

3. 4 -12 3. >
Least to Greatest……
 This means to arrange numbers in the
order from the smallest to the largest.

 HINT: If there are fractions it might be

easier to convert to decimals first.
Which Number is Smaller?
3
  0.42857
7
3 2
 or  2
  0.22222
7 9 9

3
 is smaller
7
Which Number is Larger?.......

5
 or  0.32 5
  0.3846
13 13
 0.32  0.32
So,  0.32 is l arg er.
You Try…Compare
2
  0.68  -0.67 > -0.68
3

4 6
 
5 7  -0.8 > -0.86
Which Set is Ordered from
Least to Greatest?
1. {-3/2, -3, 0, 2/3} 1. {-3/2, -3, 0, 2/3}

2. {-3, -3/2, 0, 2/3} 2. {-3, -3/2, 0, 2/3}

3. {0, 2/3, -3/2, -3} 3. {0, 2/3, -3/2, -3}

4. {0, -3/2, -3, 2/3} 4. {0, -3/2, -3, 2/3

 What kinds of  Answer:
numbers are used to
represent numbers  NEGATIVE Numbers
below zero?
 Make -8 -4 a  Answer:
true statement.
 <
Number Properties
 Quick Review
-400 -200 0 200 400

1) Coordinate of A:
a) -250 b) -300 c) -325 d) -500

2) Coordinate of B:
a) -210 b) -350 c) -100 d) -50

3) Coordinate of C:
a) 350 b) 425 c) 325 d) 275
 Quick Review
4) Use  ,  : -8 5

5 3
5) Which is smaller?  7 or 
8

6) Write from smallest to largest:

-3, -3.8, -5, 5.6, -5.6
Commutative Property-
Changes Order
 For Addition  For Multiplication

A+B = B+A AB = BA

Ex. 2+3 = 5
Ex. 4(8) = 32
3+2 = 5
8(4) = 32
2+3=3+2
4(8) = 8(4)
THIS IS NOT TRUE FOR
SUBTRACTION OR DIVISION!
 Associative Property-
Changes Grouping
 For Addition  For Multiplication
A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C A(BC) = (AB)C

Ex. Ex.
5 + (2 + 4) (5 + 2) + 4 2 (3 5) (2 3) 5
=5+6 =7+4 = 2(15) = (6)5
= 11 = 11 = 30 = 30

5 + (2 + 4) = (5 + 2) + 4 2 x (3 x 5) = (2 x 3) x 5

This is not true for subtraction or division!

Which Property?
1) 3x 4 = 4 3x
2) 6y + (7 + 3z) = (6y +7) +3z
3) (5x + 7) + 8y = 5x + (7 + 8y)
4) (3x)(2x + 5) = (2x + 5)(3x)
5) 10x + 4y = 4y + 10x
6) (2x 5)(10y) = (2x)(5 10y)
 Distributive Property
A (B + C) = AB + AC A (B – C) = AB – AC

(B + C) A = BA + CA (B – C) A = BA – CA
Ex. -3 (4 – 2x)
Strategy: Think -3 (4 – 2x) means -3 (4 + -2x)
= -3(4) + (-3)(-2x)
= -12 + 6x
TRY THESE:
A) 4 (6 +2a) B) -7 (-3m – 5)
Which Property?
1) -3x(y + 2) + 4y = -3x(y) – 3x(2) + 4y

2) -3y + 4x(y + 2) = -3y + 4xy + 4x(2)

3) 6x + (3y + 1) = (3y +1) + 6x

What is an example of the
commutative prop. of addition?
A) 3 + 5m = 3 + (1 + 4)m A) 7 + 4m = (7 +4)m
B) 3 + 5m = 5m + 3 B) (5 + 2) + 4m = 7 + 4m
C) 3 + 5m = 5 + 3m C) 7 + 4m = 4 + 7m
D) 3 + 5m = 3m + 5 D) 7 + 4m = 4m + 7
Word Problems
Words that tell you to add….
 Plus
 Increased By
 Sum
 More Than
Words that tell you to
subtract…
 Minus
 Decreased By
 Difference
 Less Than
Multiply and Divide Words…..
 Multiply –  Divide –
1. Product 1. Quotient
2. times 2. Ratio of
Homework
 Worksheet