Cell Transport

Have you ever heard of the word “diffusion”

before?
• What happens when you spray air freshener, perfume, or deodorant?
Have you ever heard of the word diffusion
before?
• Or what about using food coloring in water?
Diffusion
• Diffusion – the movement of molecules from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration
Draw This for Diffusion

High
concentration

Low
concentration
 You can have diffusion across membranes, too
Move from HIGH to LOW

Cell reaches
dynamic
Which side is
equilibrium
high concentration?
with the
environment
Dynamic Equilibrium
• Dynamic equilibrium – there is
continuous, random movement of
particles but no overall change in
concentration
Osmosis
• Osmosis – diffusion of water across a selectively permeable
membrane
 Hypotonic Solution

Water moved into the cell

Solution has a lower
Notice: in osmosis, it is concentration of solute
only the water that moves than the cell has

At the end of the osmosis,

the solution and the cell
reach dynamic equilibrium

Concentration Concentration
inside cell = outside cell
 Hypertonic Solution

Water moved out of the cell

Solution has a higher
Again, only the water that concentration of solute
moves than the cell has

At the end of the osmosis,

the solution and the cell
reach dynamic equilibrium

Concentration Concentration
inside cell = outside cell
 Isotonic Solution

Solution has the same

The solution and the cell concentration of solute
are already at dynamic that the cell has
equilibrium

But diffusion of water is

still occurring
Comparing Terms
• Turn to your tablemate and explain to them:
a) What process does hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic refer to?
b) What do hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic mean?
Comparing Terms
a) What process does hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic refer to?
• Osmosis

b) What do hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic mean?

• Hypotonic: solution has lower concentration of solute than the cell does
• Hypertonic: solution has higher concentration of solute than the cell does
• Isotonic: solution has the same concentration of solute than the cell does
What happens to the cell?

Water moves out At dynamic Water moves in

equilibrium
Cell shrinks Cell stays the same Cell swells
Real example: Blood cells If these were your blood cells,
which kind of solution would you
want in your veins and arteries?

Cell shrinks Cell stays the Cell swells

same (and bursts!)
Passive Transport
• Passive transport – transport that
does not require energy
• Travels down the concentration
gradient (from high to low)
• Different kinds
1. Diffusion
2. Osmosis
3. Facilitated diffusion – uses a
protein to help diffuse
Facilitated Diffusion
• Why would you need a protein for diffusion?
• The solute that is moving cannot pass through the membrane
Passive Transport
Simple Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Special case: Osmosis
Small molecules Larger molecules  Water can pass
Nonpolar molecules Polar molecules through via simple
Uncharged molecules Charged molecules (+/-) diffusion and
facilitated diffusion
Examples: Examples:  Osmosis only applies
Gases (O2, CO2) Ions (Na+, Cl-) to water
Glucose
Active Transport
• Active transport – transport that
does require energy
• Travels up/against the
concentration gradient (from
low to high)
• Uses proteins
Draw This for Active Transport

High
concentration

Low
concentration
 Active Transport
Which side is
high concentration?

Move from
LOW to HIGH
 A. Which requires energy?
Overview a) Active transport

B. Which kind of transport is

osmosis?
a) Passive transport (it
is a kind of diffusion)

C. Which kind of transport

goes from high to low
concentration?
a) Passive transport

D. Which goes against the

concentration gradient?
a) Active transport
Endocytosis vs. Exocytosis
• Both are the transport of
materials by using vesicles to
move substances that are too
large to move through
plasma membrane
• Both require energy
Endocytosis vs. Exocytosis
Endocytosis
• Take substances in
(substance enters)
• Plasma membrane pinches off to
form a vesicle
• Uses: take in food materials or
fluid
Exocytosis
• Move substances out (substances
exits)
• Vesicle fuses with plasma
membrane to release materials
• Uses: get rid of waste, secrete
hormones
 In Summary
  Passive Transport Active Transport
   
Concentration  High High
Gradient?   Low Low
 
   
Energy?  No Yes