Gratitude / ‘8 ICS

Introduction to
Algebra:
Applied Mathematics

All you need to know about the term Algebra.

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Isbah Waqar Rai M.Talha M.Haris Arsal Moin Anaiya Malik

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Table of Contents

01 02
Algebra Basics
Introduction and its historical All the basic and common Formulas,
background. Rules & Operations.

03 04
Examples Daily Life Uses
Using Algebra to solve problems How we can Implement Algebra in
and to help understand it more. our Day-to-Day Life.
Who founded
Algebra and Why?

In the 9th century, a Persian mathematician and

astronomer named Muhammad ibn Musa Al-
Khwarizmi discovered a simpler way to dissect math
problems. He wrote ‘The Compendious Book on
Calculation by Completion and Balancing’, which
established algebra as a mathematical discipline that
is independent of Geometry and Arithmetic. His
contributions to the field of mathematics led him to be
known as the “Father of Algebra”.
What is Algebra?
The word Algebra comes from the Arabic: al-jabr
meaning restoration. It is the part of mathematics
in which letters and other general symbols are
used to represent numbers and quantities
in formulae and equations.
Did you know the meaning of the previous words like formulae
and equation?

● A Formula (plural noun: Formulae) is a mathematical

relationship or rule expressed in symbols
● Whereas an Equation is a mathematical statement that
shows that two mathematical expressions are (equal: =).

Like these terms there are also a ton of terms specifically for
Algebra which helps us to understand and solve Algebra!
Algebraic Notations:
Arithmetic Algebra
The sum of 2 and 3 (or 3 The sum of a and b (or b
2+3=3+2=5 a+b=b+a=c
and 2) is 5. and a) is c.

The difference between a

The difference between 6
6-5=1 a-b=c and b is c, where a is more
and 5 is 1.
than b.

The product of 3 and 5 (or For a×b=b×a=c, we usually The product of a and b (or
3×5=5×3=15
5 and 3) is 15. write ab=c or ba=c b and a) is c.

3×3=32=9 The square of 3 is 9. a×a=a2 The square of a is a2.

3×3×3=33=27 The cube of 3 is 27. a×a×a=a3 The cube of a is a3.

The quotient of a when

The quotient of 24 when For a÷b=a×1/b=c,
24÷3=24×1/3=8 divided by b is c, where
divided by 3 is 8. we usually write a/b=c.
b≠0.
Algebra Basics:
Rules Operations
01 The Symmetry Rule ● Addition: x+y
● Subtraction: x-y
02 The Commutative Rules
● Multiplication: x×y or xy

03 The Inverse of Adding ● Division: x÷y or x/y

Note!
1. There are many Algebra rules these are the most common.

2. In Algebra, letters are used to represent numbers. These letters are known as variables, and they can
be used to represent any number.
Algebra Formulas:
● a2 – b2 = (a – b)(a + b)

● (a+b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

● a2 + b2 = (a – b)2 + 2ab

● (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2

● (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2ac + 2bc

● (a – b – c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 – 2ab – 2ac + 2bc

● (a + b)3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3

● (a – b)3 = a3 – 3a2b + 3ab2 – b3

Algebraic Expression Examples
1. Add 5y to the product of a and b.
ab+5y

2. Subtract 3 from the cube of f.

f3-3
These are some Basic Statement
3. Multiply k by 6q. Questions of Algebraic Expression.
6kq

4. Divide 2w by 3xy.
2w/3xy

5. Subtract 4 times the positive square root of z from thrice of x.

3x-4

6. Twice the variable p divided by the product of 5 and q.

2p/5q
1. 5x+22-6x-23
5x-6x+22-23=-x-1

2. x+3y+6x+4y
x+6x+3y+4y=7x+7y Addition & Subtraction
3. 6xy+13x-2yx-5x
6xy-2yx+13x-5x=4xy+8x
Whereas these are some Basic Algebraic
4. 6x-20y+7z-8x+25y-11z Equations requiring Simplification.
6x-8x-20y+25y+7z-11z=-2x+5y-4z

5. 6x×(-2y)
(6×x)×(-2×y)=-12xy

6. 14×1/2y Multiplication & Division

(14×x)×(1/2×y)=7xy
1. (a+4)2
a2+2(a)(4)+42=a2+8a+16

2. (m-9)2 Expansion Formulas

m2-2(m)(9)+92=m2-18m+81

3. (s-5)(s+5)
s2-52 These Examples Have been solved by the Previously
Mentioned Algebra Formulas Table, So it is very
4. a2+14a+49 Important to Memorize those Formulas!
a2+2(a)(7)+72=(a+7)2

5. m2-10m+25 Factorization Formulas

m2-2(m)(5)+52=(m-5)2

6. s2-144
s2-122=(s+12)
 Daily Uses of Algebra

Variable Solving Equations

Variable is used everyday to suppose Algebra makes an equation easier to
things in not only Maths but also in solve compared to the arithmetic
Physics,Chemistry & Biology. system which cannot suppose
numbers.
 Thank You
Submitted to Teacher Gulnaz Shahid