Input / Output

devices. 3D graphics.
 baramykovajane@gmail.com
066-364-71-98
Урок №7
Предмет: англійська мова за професійним спрямуванням
Тема: Пристрої введення/виведення. 3D графіка.
Завдання до уроку:
1. Опрацюйте матеріал до уроку, запишіть в робочий зошит:
• INPUT DEVICES (перекладіть їх українською)
• OUTPUT DEVICES (перекладіть їх на українську)
2. Подивіться відеоматеріал Input and output devices https://youtu.be/NkoS2JXaBuM
3. Всі нові слова вивчіть напам’ять
4. Прочитайте та перекладіть матеріал про 3D графіку (усно)
5. Запишіть програми, які можна використовувати для 3D графіки.
6. Зробіть порівняльну характеристику між двома програмами для 3D графіки.
 INPUT DEVICES

The main input devices everyone uses

nowadays are obviously mouse and keyboard.
Both devices can we connected via PS/2, USB
or Bluetooth interface. The mice come in many
shapes and sizes. The number and shape of
mouse buttons can also vary depending on what
the mouse is used for.
Keyboard
The keyboard is also a very important device for any user. Keyboards also come in many sizes and shapes but most of them
have the general set of keys shown below:
There are special groups of keys on the keyboard:
1. Character Keys (Alphanumeric keys). Most of the
keys that you use to type are character keys. These
are letters, numbers, and punctuation keys.
2. Backspace and Delete Keys. These 2 keys erase
your text.
3. Navigational Keys. These keys help you move in
your document. They include
Space, Enter, Tab, Directional Arrows, Home, End,
Page Up/Page Down.
4. Modifier Keys. These keys - Ctrl, Shift, Caps - help
you make capital letters and keyboard shortcuts.
5. Function Keys. These keys do special things
depending on your keyboard. You will not use the
Function Keys for typing text.
 OUTPUT DEVICES
Output Devices is a device which allows the computer to
communicate the results of processing with the user. Here
are examples of such devices:
 ABOUT 3D GRAPHICS
3D graphics is a very broad area and it’s really popular
nowadays. It is used in videogame industry, for visual
effects in movies, in architecture, engineering, product
design, commercials, TV shows, for reconstruction and
historical preservation, cybernetics, medicine and so on.
People use 3D to prototype and test their ideas before
putting them on Kickstarter, or for capturing real life
environments. For example, 3D scans are to be used for
reconstruction of Notre-Dame de Paris that caught fire on
April 15 2019. People print different objects like houses,
human figures, mechanisms or tools using 3D models. We
create robots by modeling and printing them piece by
piece. Prosthetic limbs are created using 3D programs.
In this chapter, you will learn how 3D graphics works and what its basic elements are. You will
also learn about different programs that are used nowadays for 3D modeling. Let’s begin.

To form a simple line you need to

connect two dots. The dots in 3D are
called vertices.
To form a basic flat surface you need to
connect a minimum of three vertices.
When you do that, you get a triangle or
a polygon – the basic element of any 3D
surface. The lines of a polygon are
called edges. To see its surface, we
need to fill the triangle with colored
pixels using a technology called
shading.
Two triangles form a polygon called a quad,
because it has four vertices. In modeling, you
can use quads or triangles only. You should
avoid using n-gons or polygons with more
than four vertices. Now the polygon is shown
in wireframe mode.

When you apply shading to a polygon, it

becomes colored. When you see only a color
with no shadow, it is called flat shading.
Different types of shading are used to create
light and shadow effects on a 3D object to
make it look more realistic.
Every polygon has an invisible
perpendicular line called a normal. It helps
computer to calculate the angle and
position of a polygon to light it correctly by
making its color lighter or darker.
By adding more polygons, you can create
complex shapes and objects. Modeling
usually starts with a primitive shape or a
simple object such a line, a plane, a cube,
a cylinder, a sphere etc. Then you can add
more edges, vertices or polygons and
manipulate their position to create a
complex 3D object.
As a result, you get a model that is made of many polygons. The edges of those polygons
form a mesh. The more polygons are in the model, the denser is the mesh and the more
detailed your model looks. The number of polygons is called a polycount. The models that are
made of a small number of polygons are called lowpoly models. They are used in game
engines because they can be processed faster and take less memory space.

The models that contain a big number

of polygons are called highpoly models.
These are usually used in movies and
commercials. They take up way more
memory space and cannot be used for
videogames.
 3D programs
There are lots of 3D programs for various purposes. Software such as
3Ds Max, Maya, Blender, Modo, Cinema 4D, 3D Coat, Houdini etc. are
used for modeling, animation, rigging, texturing and rendering.