Hybridoma and

the Application
Of Monoclonal Bodies
Presented By:

Rajat 200763
Anchit Singh
Outline

1. What are monoclonal antibodies?

2. Why monoclonal over polyclonal antibodies?
3. What is hybridoma?
4. Why hybridoma?
5. Hybridoma in a lab vs industrial.
6. Applications and their industrial way
7. Some other applications.
What are antibodies?

Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins(Ig), are proteins that are

produced by B cells to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as
pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
Why monoclonal over polyclonal?
● Polyclonal antibodies are heterogeneous mixtures of various antibodies with the
potential to identify multiple epitopes.
● Monoclonal antibodies are a homogeneous mixture of antibodies that are monospecific
in nature. These antibodies have affinity and specificity towards one epitope of a
selected antigen (monovalent affinity).
What is Hybridoma Technology?
1. Immunization
2. Isolation of B lymphocytes
3. Cell Fusion
4. Hybridoma Selection
5. Screening of Hybridoma Cells
6. Cloning and propagation of hybridoma cells
Summary of the process
Applications of monoclonal Antibodies

The applications of monoclonal antibodies are diverse and these include

Diagnostic testing
Monoclonal antibodies are commonly employed in the diagnosis of a variety of disorders.
It is used to check the presence of any foreign antigen such as toxins, drugs, hormones, or
internal and surface proteins of bacteria or viruses

Pregnancy testing
Monoclonal antibodies are used to identify the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin
[hCG] as a mark for recognition of pregnancy
Radioimmunodetection(RID) of cancer
An imaging technique used to detect the presence of cancerous or cancer-specific cells has
been developed deploying radio-labelled antibodies, which can be produced as mAbs.

Radioimmunotheraphy (RIT) of Cancer

Similar to RID, RIT uses mAbs to specifically target antigen cells that are associated with
tumours, and then blast these with a lethal dose of radiation, whilst minimising the level of
radiation absorbed by normal cells.
Treatment of Cancer through Drugs
Many different drugs are being developed in clinical trials with the ultimate hope of being
able to treat various strains of cancer. In fact, some of these are already on the market. In
1997, a drug named Ritoxin was approved by the FDA for commercial use which is based
on mAb technology

Viral Disease Treatment

Doctors hope that with further research into mAbs and an increased knowledge of their
properties, treatments will become available for diseases previously thought to be
incurable, such as AIDS.
Identifying Pathogens
MAbs can now be used to identify strains of a single pathogen, for example neisseria
gonorrhoeae.

Tracing Specific Cells and their Functions

Scientists can use mAbs to first identify and then track certain cells or molecules in a
living thing, and determine its function. For example, scientists at the University of
Oregon are using such practices to determine which proteins are responsible for
differentiation amongst cells in the respiratory system.
Organ Rejection
A certain mAb named OKT3 (developed as an antibody to the T3 antigen) is able to be
used to alleviate the effects and likelihood of organ rejection when transplanting new
organs into a subject.

Rhesus disease Immunisation

Anti-rhesus antiserum is becoming increasingly hard to find, and the UK Blood Products
laboratory has been researching the possibility of substituting mAb rhesus immunisation,
with a view to ultimately replacing the serum.
Thank
You!