One-Way ANOVA

One-Way Analysis of Variance

(Completely Randomized Design)

 Completely Randomized
Design
 Experimental units (subjects) are assigned
randomly to treatments
 Subjects are assumed homogeneous
 One factor or independent variable
 two or more treatment levels or classifications
 Analyzed by [parametric statistics]:
 One-and Two-Way ANOVA
 One-Way ANOVA
 Compares two types of variation to test
equality of means
 Ratio of variances is comparison basis
 If treatment variation is significantly
greater than random variation … then
means are not equal
 Variation measures are obtained by
‘partitioning’ total variation
 One-Way ANOVA
 Here is the basic one-way ANOVA table

Source SS df MS F p

Between

Within

Total
 One-Way ANOVA
 The one-way analysis of variance is used
to test the claim that three or more
population means are equal
 This is an extension of the two
independent samples t-test
 One-Way ANOVA
 The response variable is the variable
you’re comparing
 The factor variable is the categorical
variable being used to define the groups
 We will assume k samples (groups)
 The one-way is because each value is
classified in exactly one way
 Examples include comparisons by gender,
race, political party, color, etc.
 One-Way ANOVA
 Conditions or Assumptions
 The data are randomly sampled
 The variances of each sample are assumed
equal
 The residuals are normally distributed
 One-Way ANOVA
 Variation
 Variation is the sum of the squares of the
deviations between a value and the mean of
the value
 Sum of Squares is abbreviated by SS and
often followed by a variable in parentheses
such as SS(B) or SS(W) so we know which
sum of squares we’re talking about
 One-Way ANOVA
 The null hypothesis is that the means are all
equal
H :       
0 1 2 3 k

H1: Not all means are equal

 The alternative hypothesis is that at least one

of the means is different
 Assumptions of ANOVA
 each group is approximately normal
· check this by looking at histograms and/or
normal quantile plots, or use assumptions
· can handle some nonnormality, but not
severe outliers
 standard deviations of each group are
approximately equal
· rule of thumb: ratio of largest to smallest
sample st. dev. must be less than 2:1
 Assumptions
 Homogeneity of Variance
 Normality
 Additivity
 Independence
 Normality Check
 We should check for normality using:
• assumptions about population
• histograms for each group
• normal quantile plot for each group

 With such small data sets, there really isn’t a

really good way to check normality from data,
but we make the common assumption that
physical measurements of people tend to be
normally distributed.
 SCHEFFE’S TEST
 The F-test tell us that there is a significant
difference in the average attention span
depending on the type of breakfast taken
by the preschooler but as to where the
difference lies, it has to be tested further
by another test, the Scheffe’s test.
COMMON:
A&D
The significant difference lies in No Breakfast and
Heavy Breakfast
COMMON:
B

The significant difference lies in shampoo product B.