Regional Training On The Critical Content of Grade 7 English

Regional Training on the Critical Content of Grade 7 English
JAEL P. OLAÑO
Trainer
CONTEXT
CLUES
CONTEXT CLUES
CAN YOU DEFINE THESE WORDS?

Continuously Animosity
Frugivorous Anxious
Inclined Nuisance
Putrid Perplexed
Resolute Feral
Sweltering
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
CONTEXT CLUES
The Jamaican fruit bat is a frugivorous mammal.

The rafflesia is also known as a carrion, or a putrid, flower.
The pack of feral dogs living in the woods that were able to
reach the town proved to be a big nuisance.
Rica looked perplexed as the foreign guest talked to her in
French.
The sweltering summer temperature in Manila drove the
Montenegros back to Baguio.
CONTEXT CLUES
HOW DID YOU GUESS THE MEANING OF THESE WORDS?
CONTEXT CLUES
“Vocabulary is a crucial part of

instruction in content areas.”
– Graves and Slater, 1996
CONTEXT CLUES
Vocabulary skills and strategies relevant to Content
Area Reading
•Sight words
•Contextual Analysis
•Structural Analysis
•Phonic Analysis
•Use of the Dictionary
CONTEXT CLUES
Words can be defined

DENOTATIVELY and
CONNOTATIVELY.
CONTEXT CLUES
CONTEXT CLUES
When reading, we oftentimes encounter words that

are really new to us, or are used in different context,
that we usually struggle in comprehending not just the
words, but the sentence where they are used.

Either we look them up in the dictionary or we rely on
the structure of the sentence to infer these words’
meanings.
It is distracting, and sometimes, frustrating.
CONTEXT CLUES
Context Clues…
•are hints that the author gives to help define
a difficult or unusual word.
CONTEXT CLUES
•The clue may appear

within the same
sentence as the word
to which it refers, or
it may be in a
preceding or
subsequent sentence.
CONTEXT CLUES
There are at least four kinds of context clues that

are quite common:
1. Synonym: A synonym, or word with the same
meaning, is used in the sentence.
Ex: My opponent's argument is fallacious,
misleading – plain wrong.
CONTEXT CLUES
2. Antonym: A word or group of words that

has the opposite meaning reveals the
meaning of an unknown term.
Ex: Although some men are loquacious,
others hardly talk at all.
CONTEXT CLUES
3. Explanation/Definition: The unknown

word is explained within the sentence or
in a sentence immediately preceding.
Ex: The patient is so somnolent that she
requires medication to help her stay
awake for more than a short time.
CONTEXT CLUES
4. Example: Specific examples are used to define

the term.
Ex: Celestial bodies, such as the sun, moon, and
stars, are governed by predictable laws.
CONTEXT CLUES
Other Types of Context Clues

• Comparison clues are words and phrases that
have the same or similar meaning as an
unfamiliar word. Words and phrases such as like,
as, and in the same way often signal comparisons.
Ex. Don’s efforts on the soccer field were valiant in the
same way a soldier shows courage in battle.
CONTEXT CLUES
• Contrast clues are words and phrases that mean

the opposite of an unfamiliar word. Words and
phrases such as although, but, yet, however,
except and on the other hand signal contrasts.
Ex. Sid thought the music would end gradually,

but it stopped abruptly instead.
CONTEXT CLUES
• Picture Clue – It is a kind of context clue where the teacher uses pictures to
give the meaning of a word.
Examples:

Encyclopedia perilous shanty
CONTEXT CLUES
•Inference
Word meanings are not directly stated in the text, but meanings
and definitions of unfamiliar words can be assumed by both prior
knowledge and the context in which the word is found.
Examples:
1. The flames cast an eerie glow that frightened that young scouters.
2. Be careful in handling those glasses. They are frangible.
3. Janlei just bought a new zippy computer that should enable him to
work more efficiently.
CONTEXT CLUES
How do we use context clues

for getting the meaning of a word?
CONTEXT CLUES
CONTEXT CLUES
Context Clue Steps For Students:

1.Identify the unknown word.
2.Look for the words that give hints about its
meaning in the sentence.
3.If you need more cues, read the sentences before
and after the one with the word in it.
4.Infer the word’s meaning based on what you found.
CONTEXT CLUES
The SLAP Strategy

✔Say the word.
✔Look for clues.
✔Ask yourself what the word might mean; think of a
word that expresses that meaning.
✔Put the word in the passage in place of the
unfamiliar word. Does it make sense?
CONTEXT CLUES
Trying out the SLAP strategy

He tried to open the box with no luck. He couldn’t find
the key, so he decided to use a smidgen.
✔ Say the word.
✔ Look for clues.
✔ Ask yourself what the meaning might be.
✔ Put word in the passage; does it make sense?
LET’S PRACTICE
1. The girl who used to be very vociferous doesn't talk much
anymore.
2. Pedagogical institutions, including high schools, kindergartens, and
colleges, require community support to function efficiently.
3. He was so parsimonious that he refused to give his own sons the
few pennies they needed to buy pencils for school. It truly hurt him
to part with his money.
4. His pertinacity, or stubbornness, is the cause of most of his
trouble.
5. Rather than be involved in clandestine meetings, they did
everything quite openly.
CONTEXT CLUES
6. Ecclesiastics, such as priests, ministers, and pastors, should set
models of behavior for their congregants.
7. The girl was churlish – rude, sullen and absolutely ill-mannered.
8. Because the conflagration was aided by wind, it was so destructive
that every building in the area was completely burned to the
ground.
9. Ted seemed absolutely honest, but something told me he was
prevaricating anyway.
10. Hank said the ocean was very tranquil; I also thought the ocean
was peaceful.
CONTEXT CLUES
Game Based Learning
Use Nonsense Words
kahoot.com
CONTEXT CLUES
APPLICATION
CONTEXT CLUES
OBJECTIVES:
1. Define context clues;

2. Identify the kinds of context clues;
3. Give the uses or importance of context clues;
and
4. Explain how context clues affect the reading
comprehension of the learners
CONTEXT CLUES
Answer the following questions. Then tell what kind of context clue is
shown in every item.
1. Oscar Dela Joya is the long time nemesis of Manny

Pacquiao. What is the meaning of the underlined word?
a. chum
b. ally
c. comrade
d. opponent

CONTEXT CLUES
2. When things have gone haywire, remain calm

and focus. What does the word haywire mean?
a. amiss
b. delectable
c. amateur
d. dreamy
CONTEXT CLUES
3. What feeling is shown in the picture?
a. delight
c. love
b. surprise
d. melancholy
CONTEXT CLUES
4. This animal is known as the largest bird in

the world. What animal is it?
a. robin
c. penguin
b. ostrich
d. swan
CONTEXT CLUES
5. My brother is cunning. He always gets what he

wanted in his own way. What is meant by the
underlined word?
a. patient
b. stubborn
c. creative
d. tricky
CONTEXT CLUES
6. Lei is caught in a quagmire of debt due to too

much getaways. What is the meaning of the
underlined word?
a. serious
b. hole
c. dilemma
d. wrong
CONTEXT CLUES
7. What is depicted in the picture?

a. selflessness c. differences
b. oneness d. character
CONTEXT CLUES
8. He felt forlorn when his mother passed

away. What is meant by forlorn.
a. tardy c. equal
b. cheerful d. melancholic
CONTEXT CLUES
9. He has the audacity to say what is fair and just.

What is the meaning of the italicized word?
a. faith c. courage
b. belief d. arrogance
CONTEXT CLUES
10. What is shown in the picture?
a. joy c. greed
b. fear d. surprise

CONTEXT CLUES
Context Clues
• These are bits of information from the text
that, when combined with prior knowledge,
allow you to decide the meaning of unfamiliar
words found in the text or selection.
CONTEXT CLUES
Importance of Context Clues

1.It helps us define unfamiliar and difficult words
found in the text.
2.It helps us become better and perceptive readers
3. It helps us know the word meanings especially
when dictionary and internet are not available.
CONTEXT CLUES
• Picture Clue – It is a kind of context clue where the teacher uses pictures to
give the meaning of a word.
Examples:

Encyclopedia perilous shanty
CONTEXT CLUES
2. Synonym or Restatement
These are words with the same or nearly the same meanings, which
are used in the same sentence, or around the unfamiliar word.
Examples:
1. Eric was taciturn about the issue. He chose to be quiet about it.
2. Cely is connoisseur of Pre-historic art. She is an expertwho knows a
lot about arts and designs.
3. He had to use all of his wiles to convince his guests to stay for
dinner but his tricks didn’t work.
CONTEXT CLUES
3. Antonym or Contrast
The unfamiliar word is unfolded or defined by using the opposite word or
contrasting meaning. This kind of context clue usually includes the words:
unlike, whereas, as opposed to, however, in contrast to, on the other hand,
but.
Examples:
1. Julie likes my strong personality but dislikes my wimpy acts at times.
2. Marian chooses her words with exquisite care unlike Mary who speaks in a
harsh manner.
3.The simple garden looks classy as opposed to the embellished one.
CONTEXT CLUES
4. Definition
The unfamiliar word is directly defined in the sentence in
which it appears. Definitions are usually set off by commas
or dashes.
Examples:
1. Octopus, an aquatic animal, which has eight tentacles.
2. zenith- it means peak, or top.
3. grim – it means horrible in manner
CONTEXT CLUES
5. Inference
Word meanings are not directly stated in the text, but meanings
and definitions of unfamiliar words can be assumed by both prior
knowledge and the context in which the word is found.
Examples:
1. The flames cast an eerie glow that frightened that young scouters.
2. Be careful in handling those glasses. They are frangible.
3. Janlei just bought a new zippy computer that should enable him to
work more efficiently.
CONTEXT CLUES
Read the selection. Give the meanings of the all the words written in bold.
Write your answers in a sheet of paper.
Autobiographical Sketch
Eric DS. Victoria
The last time I was in a call center interview, I was asked by this
hypothetical question, "If you could go back in time, where would
you go back to and why?" Indeed, it is a ten-thousand-dollar
question. I just thought that the interviewer obliged me to answer it
distinctively. I could not help myself thinking the right way to answer.
After a moment of delay, I just told her, "I want to go back to my
childhood."
CONTEXT CLUES
I can still remember my childhood to be full of bliss and

enjoyment. I still have my robots, legos, small cars, and
skateboard---the toys every child would have ever wanted,
but I have them all; I was lucky. During those times, all I want
was just to play all day long. I was not even aware that the
world is round and is rotating. I still have my childhood toys
right now, but I cannot play them anymore. It would be
awkward. It is not what I want to do, and I need to do. I have
grown up already.
CONTEXT CLUES
I need to deal with things sometimes

impossible, but I have to. I need to be strong and
gutsy enough to overcome such difficulties. I need
to cling more to God who is the provider and
creator of all things.
CONTEXT CLUES
Now, I have realized that it is not the childhood that I

should have answered. There should be nothing,
nowhere to go back to. I have realized that I have just
answered it because I want to get myself out of the
obscurity. There is nowhere to go back to because
whoever I am right now, it is because of all the
challenges I have faced in my life. I am now a better
person.
CONTEXT CLUES
Group 1: Draw/ Illustrate/ Download pictures of the

following: Let the audience guess their meanings
during the presentation.

a. dignified d. trouble
b. encouragement e. power
c. mutual
CONTEXT CLUES
Group 2: Write 5 meaningful sentences using Synonym

or Restatement. Use the given words below.
a. credence - trust
b. produce- yield
c. independent– autonomous
d. whine - gripe
e. endangered- threatened
CONTEXT CLUES
Group 3: Write 5 meaningful sentences using

Antonym or Contrast. Use the given words below.
a. allow - forbid
b. maximum - minimum
c. change - stabilize
d. defeat - triumph
e. generous – stingy
CONTEXT CLUES
Group 4: Define the following words:
a. ultimate d. trounce
b. secluded e. accolade
c. sovereign
CONTEXT CLUES
Group 5: Write 5 meaningful sentences using the

words below. Apply the inference technique.
a. pendulous
b.aghast
c. skit
d. immerse
e. blithesome
MAKING INFERENCES
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APPLICATION
MAKING INFERENCES
OBJECTIVES:
1. Define Inference;
2. Differentiate inference from guessing;
3. Give the importance of Inference; and
4. Synthesize information in a text and cite parts in
order to make inferences and draw logical conclusions
MAKING INFERENCES
Make some inferences about each picture.
1. What is more likely to happen to the seed?

MAKING INFERENCES
2. Why is the dog sad?
MAKING INFERENCES
3. What type of movie do you think he is

watching?
MAKING INFERENCES
4. Why did the girl run away?
MAKING INFERENCES
5. What do you think is the teacher thinking?
MAKING INFERENCES
“Just Don't Judge“

Eric DS. Victoria
"Do not judge a book by its cover" is indeed a

well-known quotation which we all understand.
But unfortunately, knowing what it means is not
always enough, for sometimes, we favor to do
what contradicts morality.
MAKING INFERENCES
To judge may be a natural thing that each of us does but
what makes it wrong is when our verdicts are not true. We
usually judge others based on their appearances and their
actions, even if, we do not know who they are and what they
are going through with their lives. Sometimes our judgments
cripple and crush their dreams. However, regardless of
whether our assumptions are correct or not, still, we should
stop this habit because every time we do this, we commit sins
not just to the ones we judged, but as well as to our God, we
all love.
MAKING INFERENCES
Telling the people around you that they are

nice, but making faces with them is just a waste of
time. Having several handshakes with them, then
washing your hands with alcohol is totally
hypocrisy.
MAKING INFERENCES
But how can we really stop judging others? The answer purely depends to
you. If you don’t have the willingness or the internal motivation to change then
you will be like that for the rest of your life, unhappy, insecure, discontented,
and judgmental. On the other hand, if you really want to change then you can
take these pieces of advice. First, always evaluate yourself. Be aware of your
thoughts and always think carefully before you utter something. Next,
understand the person you are judging, try to be in his situation, think of what
you would feel if you are the one being judged. Then, accept also the reality
that nobody is perfect. Everybody is unique and will look and act the way he
wants to. And lastly, use your heart. Love the people around you, no matter
who they are. Just fill your heart with love and eventually all your thoughts and
feelings towards others will turn out to be positive.
MAKING INFERENCES
Just don't judge. Destructive criticism ruins life.

Judging others doesn't make you better or more
superior than them. It only makes you unworthy
of respect.
MAKING INFERENCES

What is more likely to happen when
we judge the people around us?
MAKING INFERENCES
SONG ANALYSIS:
Read the lyrics of the song. Infer why is the song entitled “With Pen in Hand”?
WITH PEN IN HAND - Dorothy Moore
With pen in hand

You sign your name
Today at five
I’ll be on that train
And you’ll be free
And I’ll be alone
So alone
MAKING INFERENCES
If you think
We can’t find the love we once knew
If you think
I can’t make everything up to you
Then I’ll be gone
And you’ll be on your own
You’ll be on your own
MAKING INFERENCES
Can you take good care of Jenny

Can you take her to school everyday
Can you teach her how to play
All the games that little girls play
Hear what I say
MAKING INFERENCES
Can you teach her how to roll up her hair

Can you make sure each night that she says her
prayers
Well if you can do all these things
Then maybe she won’t miss me
Maybe she won’t miss me
MAKING INFERENCES
Inference
An inference is something that you conclude based on evidence and partly on
your own knowledge. When you make an inference, you read something, add
what you know to it, and draw a conclusion. You have to read between the lines.
Examples:
1. Janlei wore his toque and started with his routine in the kitchen What did
Janlei wear? What is his job?
2. Father held the hands of her daughter as they solemnly walked down the aisle.
He was teary-eyed when he kissed her in the forehead and gave her hands to
the man waiting for her in the altar. What is the occasion being described?
3. The teacher shook Ella’s hands and congratulated her. It was a tough fight,
indeed. Why did the teacher congratulate Ella?
MAKING INFERENCES
Importance of Making Inference
1. Students are trained to draw conclusions and
generalizations.
2. Critical thinking can be developed.
3. Students are taught to read beyond the lines.
4. Students are urged to see interpret the relationship
between two ideas.
5. Prior knowledge can be activated.
MAKING INFERENCES
Answer the following questions, then, justify your answer.
1. Janina's co-worker took off the day before and comes in with sunburn.
Where did her co-worker go?
2. The floor is covered in shreds of newspaper and Lei's dog has newsprint on
his paws. What did the dog do?
3. Watching the woman at the airport run toward the arriving flight area.
Melody opened her arms and embraced her mother. Why did Melody miss
her mother?
4 . Jane is playing in her bedroom. After a few minutes, you heard a crash and a
loud burst of crying. What happened to Jane?
5. Mother prepared chicken adobo for her children. After an hour, the food was
already missing. Only the plate and cat were seen on the table. What
happened to the food?
MAKING INFERENCES
References:
HEIDI BARCELO-MACAHILIG, Ph.D.
Philippine Normal University
THANK YOU

Regional Training On The Critical Content of Grade 7 English

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Regional Training on the Critical Content of Grade 7 English

CAN YOU DEFINE THESE WORDS?

The Jamaican fruit bat is a frugivorous mammal.

HOW DID YOU GUESS THE MEANING OF THESE WORDS?

“Vocabulary is a crucial part of

Words can be defined

When reading, we oftentimes encounter words that

words, but the sentence where they are used.

•The clue may appear

There are at least four kinds of context clues that

2. Antonym: A word or group of words that

3. Explanation/Definition: The unknown

4. Example: Specific examples are used to define

Other Types of Context Clues

• Contrast clues are words and phrases that mean

Ex. Sid thought the music would end gradually,

Encyclopedia perilous shanty

How do we use context clues

Context Clue Steps For Students:

The SLAP Strategy

Trying out the SLAP strategy

Game Based Learning

Use Nonsense Words

1. Define context clues;

1. Oscar Dela Joya is the long time nemesis of Manny

2. When things have gone haywire, remain calm

4. This animal is known as the largest bird in

5. My brother is cunning. He always gets what he

6. Lei is caught in a quagmire of debt due to too

7. What is depicted in the picture?

8. He felt forlorn when his mother passed

9. He has the audacity to say what is fair and just.

10. What is shown in the picture?

Importance of Context Clues

Encyclopedia perilous shanty

I can still remember my childhood to be full of bliss and

I need to deal with things sometimes

Now, I have realized that it is not the childhood that I

Group 1: Draw/ Illustrate/ Download pictures of the

Group 2: Write 5 meaningful sentences using Synonym

Group 3: Write 5 meaningful sentences using

Group 4: Define the following words:

Group 5: Write 5 meaningful sentences using the

Make some inferences about each picture.

1. What is more likely to happen to the seed?

2. Why is the dog sad?

3. What type of movie do you think he is

5. What do you think is the teacher thinking?

“Just Don't Judge“

"Do not judge a book by its cover" is indeed a

Telling the people around you that they are

Just don't judge. Destructive criticism ruins life.

WITH PEN IN HAND - Dorothy Moore

With pen in hand

Can you take good care of Jenny

Can you teach her how to roll up her hair

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