Basic Course on

STI, HIV &

AIDS
MARISON S. DONAIRE
RN, LPT
School Clinic in Charge
MNHS
 What is STI?

It is an infection
primarily transmitted
through sexual contact,
but may also be
transmitted through
non-sexual means

Source of graphic: the-sticlinic.com

Philippine National AIDS Council

 Common STIs

Bacterial
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Chlamydia
Source of graphic: the-sticlinic.com

Chancroid
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 Common STIs

Viral
Genital Herpes
Genital Warts
Genital Molluscom
Source of graphic: the-sticlinic.com

HIV Hep B
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 Common STIs

Protozoal

Trichomonas

Source of graphic: the-sticlinic.com

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 Common STIs

Fungal Infection

Candidiasis

Source of graphic: the-sticlinic.com

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 Common STIs

Skin parasites
Pubic Lice

Scabies
Source of graphic: the-sticlinic.com

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Common Signs and Symptoms of STI

Pain passing urine Severe itchiness Pain

Yellowish/abnormal Ulcerations Abdominal pain

discharge

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Common Bacterial STI: Gonorrhea
♠ Caused by bacteria called
Usual incubation
♠ neisseria gonorrheae
♠period
Can beisspread through
sexual
3 to 7contact
days
♠ Can affect genitals, throat
and anus

Symptoms
♠ Yellowish/ Purulent
discharge (tulo)
♠ Pelvic inflammation in
women
♠ Scrotal swelling in men

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 Common Bacterial STI: Chlamydia
♠ Caused by chlamydia
Usual incubation
♠ trachomatis
♠period
Can infect
is the cervix,
urethra, rectum, throat
1-eyes
and 3 weeks
♠ Also known as the
silent STI

Symptoms
♠ Pelvic inflammation
♠ Discharge
♠ Scrotal swelling in men

 
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Common Bacterial STI: Syphilis
♠ Caused by spirochete treponema
pallidum

Incubation
♠ Chronic systemic disease
♠ The organism moves through skin or
mucus membrane and into the
bloodstream

period: 9-90
♠ Can be transmitted through mother to
Source: Robert Taylor MD at
child, blood transfusion, sexual contact www.healthac.org

Symptom
♠ Lesions
days
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Common Viral STI: Genital Warts
♠ Caused by Symptoms
human papilloma ♠ Lesions
Incubation
virus (HPV) ♠ Warty growths
♠ Transmitted
period: 2weeks
directly from skin
to skin during
to 3 months
sexual contact

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Common Viral STI: Genital Herpes
♠ Caused by Symptoms
Incubation
herpes
simplex virus 2
♠ Multiple, painful
shallow ulcers
period is 2-12 ♠ Painful urination

days

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HIV infected
Individuals
 Ah moinum
What lang ko ug
Is HIV?
antibiotic : ofloxacin,
HUMANKagaw!
ciprofloxacin,This virus can only infect
human beings
amoxicillin, augmentin..
The effect of the virus is to
IMMUNO- create a deficiency (a failure
to work properly) within the
DEFICIENCY body’s immune system

This organism is a retro virus,

VIRUS which means it can reproduce
itself by taking over the
machinery of the human cell

Source: UNAIDS. Training manual on HIV & AIDS for Catholic Church pastoral workers. Makati: UNAIDS. 2007.

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How HIV Affects the Immune
System

http://whatnext.tht.org.uk/simplescience/ourimmunesystem/

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 Chain of HIV Infection

Infectious agent:
HIV
Susceptible Reservoir:
host: Humans
Humans

Portal of ENTRY: Modes of transmission:

Lining of the vagina, Sex Portal of EXIT:
rectum, and opening of the Injection Drug Use Blood
urethra in males; Mother to Child Semen
Wounds or breaks in the Other transfer of body Vaginal Fluid
skin fluid Breast milk

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Four Body Fluids Known
To Transmit HIV

BLOOD
SEMEN
VAGINAL/CERVICAL FLUID
BREASTMILK
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 Progression of HIV Infection
Status of
Immune INTRODUCTION OF
System TREATMENT (OI/ARV)

HIV AIDS
DEATH
Infection Condition

0
Asymptomatic Symptomatic Stage
Window period Stage
(2 wks – 3 mos) No signs and With signs and
symptoms symptoms
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 What Is AIDS?
ACQUIRED The infection may be transmitted
from one person to another

IMMUNE The immune system is compromised

The body can no longer fight off

DEFICIENCY infections; individual may suffer from
two or more opportunistic infections

SYNDROME A person experiences a collection of

symptoms which could be fatal

Source:
UNAIDS. Training manual on HIV & AIDS for Catholic Church pastoral workers.

Philippine National AIDS Council

What Is An Opportunistic
Infection?

It is an infection or malignancy that

attacks the body by taking advantage of
an immune system that has been
severely weakened by an advanced HIV
infection
Source: Avert.org

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 Examples of Opportunistic Infections
Lung
infection
(ex. TB)

Swollen lymph
Fungal infections nodes

Kaposi’s
sarcoma,
Photos from World Vision,
shingles
COH

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HIV Transmission Risk 1:
Sexual transmission of HIV

Source of illustration: DOH, Remedios AIDS

Foundation, UNICEF

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HIV Transmission Risk 2:

Infected Blood and

blood products
► Blood transfusion from
Source: DOH, Remedios AIDS
an HIV-infected donor
Foundation, UNICEF & sharing of infected
syringes and needles

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HIV Transmission Risk 3:

Mother to Child
From an
HIV-
infected
mother to
her child
►natural ► breast-
► During delivery feeding
pregnancy Source of illustrations: DOH, Remedios AIDS
Foundation, UNICEF

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Activities That Do Not Allow HIV
Transmission

Casual contacts (sharing food and utensils,
shaking hands, hugging or kissing, coughing,
sneezing, using public phone, visiting a hospital)

 Feces, urine, saliva, sweat, tears

 Donating blood
 Sharing toilets
 Insect bites
 Swimming
pools
Sources of illustrations: DOH, Remedios AIDS
Foundation, UNICEF; UNODC

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Prevention

How can I
protect myself
from HIV?

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 Breaking the Chain of HIV Infection

Infectious agent:
HIV
Susceptible Reservoir:
host: Humans
Humans
Break the chain
to prevent infection

Portal of ENTRY: Modes of

Lining of the vagina transmission: Portal of EXIT:
or rectum, upper Sex Blood
Injection Drug Use Semen
digestive tract in
Mother to Child Vaginal Fluid
infants, or breaks in
Other transfer of blood Breast milk
the skin
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ABCDE of Prevention
ABSTINENCE: Do not have sex. In the case
of adolescents, delaying sexual debut (age
of first sexual encounter) will help.
BE monogamous: Have ONE sexual partner

Choose SAFER Sex (Correct and

Consistent use of CONDOM)
DO NOT inject drugs
Education & Early detection

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Preventing HIV Transmission
Thru Blood & Blood Products

Blood safety Universal Harm reduction

programs precautions program WV-COH
Slide (S2.2) 26
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Preventing HIV Transmission from
HIV-Positive Mother to Baby
HIV-positive women can still give birth
to HIV-negative babies if they follow
certain precautions:

► Take ARVs during pregnancy

► Deliver the baby thru caesarian
operation
► Use infant formula instead of
breast milk

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Philippine National AIDS Council
Thank You for your kind attention!