A WORLD OF REGIONS

PREPARED BY:
JHOAN M. REDOBLADO, LPT
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able
to:
a. define the term“Global South”
and “Global North”
b. differentiate the Global South
from the Global North
c. identify the four worlds model
and its characteristic.
THE POWER OF GEOGRAPHY
• GEOGRAPHY MATTERS: Global differences in culture,
resources, capital, spatial organizations, and territoriality.
TYPES OF GEOGRAPHY:
1. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY- examines how natural forces
shape the earth
2. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY- how human interaction modifies
the environment and the spatial organization of human
activity
3. REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY- combines both physical and
human approaches and the holistic examination of
territories
REGIONS
• Large size territories
(such as countries,
provinces, or large sections
of countries) that
encompasses many places,
all or most of which share a
set of attributes of places
that make up a different
region.
 A WORLD OF REGIONS

• REGIONS ARE DYNAMIC, CHANGING:

1. Two way process of people’s activities changing
their environment and people being affected by
their environment.
2. Created by people responding to the
opportunities and constraints presented by their
environment.
 WHAT IS MEANT BY GLOBAL DIVIDES?

The global digital divide describes global

disparities, primarily between developed and
developing countries, in regards to access to
computing and information resources such as the
internet and the opportunities derived from such
access.
• term used to
describe the
economic gap
between the rich
northern countries
of the world and the
south poorer
countries of the
world
 NORTH AND SOUTH GAP
GLOBAL NORTH
GLOBAL SOUTH
 United States, Canada,
 Africa, Latin America
Western Europe,
and Asia, Middle East
Australia, New Zealand  Known to corresponds
 Known to corresponds with the third world
with first world and  Poorer and less
second world developed region
 Richer and more  5% of the population
developed region has enough food and
 95% has enough food shelter
and shelter and  It serves as a source for
functioning education raw material for the
system as well North
MAJOR DIFFERENCES IN NORTH AND SOUTH
 CLASSIFICATION OF COUNTRIES

Countries can be classified into 3 different types:

1. Most Developed Countries (MDC’S)
2. Less Developed Countries (LDC’S)
3. Least Developed Countries (LLDC’S)
REASONS WHY OUR WORLD IS ALSO UNEQUAL TODAY

1.COLONIALISM
2.TRADE
3.DEBT
COLONIALISM
TRADE
DEBT
 FOUR WORLDS MODEL

1ST WORLD
 refers to the developed, capitalist, industrial
countries, generally aligned with NATO and the USA.
The bloc of democratic-industrialized countries
within the American sphere of influence, the "First
World," also known as The West.
 FOUR WORLDS MODEL

1ST WORLD
 their economies are stable, innovative, and typically
capitalist
enjoy the most advanced technologies, the highest
standard of living and greatest degree of political and
cultural influence acrossthe globe
NATO
• NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION or
ATLANTIC ALLIANCE
• 1949
• an international political and military
organization with the aim of guaranteeing the
freedom and security of its members through
political and military means.
• Released in December 2020, the 
United Nations Human Development Report 2020 ranks
each country in the world based on its HDI ranking. For
2020, the top 10 most developed countries (and their HDI
scores) were:
• 1 - Norway
2 - Ireland 
2 - Switzerland 
4 - Iceland 
4 - Hong Kong, China 
6 - Germany
7 - Sweden
8 - Australia 
8 - Netherlands 
10 - Denmark
 FOUR WORLDS MODEL

2ND WORLD
 refers to the former communist-socialist, less industrialized
states known as the Eastern Bloc.
 refers to the territory and sphere of influence of the Union of
Soviet Socialists Republic (Soviet Union)
 Second World Country List
Country formerly part of: Region

Albania * Southern Europe

Armenia Soviet Union Western Asia
Azerbaijan Soviet Union Western Asia
Belarus Soviet Union Eastern Europe
Bosnia and Herzegovina Yugoslavia Southern Europe

Bulgaria   Eastern Europe

Croatia Yugoslavia Southern Europe
Czech Republic Czechoslovakia Eastern Europe

Estonia annexed by the Soviet Northern Europe

Union**
Georgia Soviet Union Western Asia
East Germany   Western Europe
Hungary   Eastern Europe
Kazakhstan Soviet Union South-Central Asia
Kyrgyzstan Soviet Union South-Central Asia
Latvia annexed by Soviet Northern Europe
Union**
Lithuania annexed by Soviet Northern Europe
Union**
Macedonia, Rep. of Yugoslavia Southern Europe

Moldova Soviet Union Eastern Europe

Montenegro Yugoslavia  
Poland   Eastern Europe
Romania   Eastern Europe
Russia Soviet Union Northern Europe/Asia
Serbia Yugoslavia Southern Europe https://www.nationsonline.org/
Slovakia Czechoslovakia Eastern Europe oneworld/
Slovenia Yugoslavia Southern Europe
Tajikistan Soviet Union South-Central Asia third_world.htm#Human-
Turkmenistan Soviet Union South-Central Asia Development
Ukraine Soviet Union Eastern Europe
Uzbekistan Soviet Union South-Central Asia
FOUR WORLDS MODEL
3RD WORLD
 is used to identify the countries with substandard, underdeveloped, or
underperforming conditions in certain fields, which are in great need of
development.
 Originally coined by French historian Alfred Sauvy in 1952, "Third World"
was part of the "three worlds" label system used to describe a country's
political alliances.
 This combination of confusion and possible insult has made
Third World a largely obsolete term. Instead, most modern
speakers and writers favor more accurate, inoffensive terms
such as "developing countries" and 
"least developed countries" (calculated by the United Nations)
or "low-income countries" (based upon World Bank data).
According to the IMF definition, there are 152
developing countries with a current population of
around 6.61 bn. At 85.20%, this is a considerable
proportion of the world's population. It includes the
whole of Central and South America, the whole of
Africa, almost all Asian countries and numerous other
island states. (https://www.worlddata.info/developing-
countries.php)
• Best in class in the category "Very high human
development" in 2020 are 1 Norway, 2 Ireland and 
Switzerland, 4 Hong Kong, China and Iceland, 6 Germany
, 7 Sweden, 8 Australia and the Netherlands, 10 Denmark,
11 Finland and Singapore, 13 United Kingdom, 14 
Belgium and New Zealand, 16 Canada, 17 United States,
18 Austria, 19 Israel, Japan, and Liechtenstein.
(https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/
third_world.htm#Human-Development)
FOUR WORLDS MODEL
4TH WORLD
 first came into use in 1974 with the publication of Shuswap
Chief George Manuel's
refers to nations (cultural entities, ethnic groups) of indigenous
peoples living within or across state boundaries.
The term “Fourth World Countries” is used to describe parts of
countries in the Third World that are most stricken by poverty.
The nations classified as Fourth World are labeled by the United
Nations as the Least Developed Countries or LLDCs.
• In Africa:
• Angola
• Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi
• Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros
• Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti
• Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia
• Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau
• Lesotho, Liberia
• Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique
• Niger
• Rwanda
• Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra
Leone, Somalia, Sudan
• Tanzania, Togo
• Uganda
• Zambia
• In Asia:
• Afghanistan
• Bangladesh
• Bhutan
• Burma
• Cambodia
• East Timor
• Laos
• Maldives
• Nepal
• Yemen
• In Oceania:
• Kiribati
• Samoa
• Solomon Islands
• Tuvalu
• Vanuatu
• In the Americas:
• Haiti
https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/
fourth-world-countries
REFERENCES

• Ariola, M., (2018). The Contemporary World: Library

Service & Publishing Inc.
• Aldama, P.K.R., (2018). The Contemporary World: Rex
Book Store, Inc.
• https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/nato-
countries
• https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-ran
kings/fourth-world-countries
• https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/third_world.h
tm#Human-Development
• https://www.worlddata.info/developing-countries.php