Ebusiness Technology Web and more

The Internet and the World Wide Web

• Computer network
– Technology allowing people to connect computers
– Internet
• Interconnected global computer networks (large)
• Basic technology structure
– Computer networks and the Internet
– Underlies e-commerce
World Wide Web (Web)
The World Wide Web (WWW), commonly known as the Web, is an information
system where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform
Resource Locators (URLs, such as https://example.com/), which may be
interlinked by hypertext, and are accessible over the Internet. The resources of
the Web are transferred via the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and may
be accessed by users by a software application called a web browser and are
published by a software application called a web server.

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 Packet-Switched Networks
• Local area network (LAN)
– Network of computers located close together
• Wide area networks (WANs)
– Networks of computers connected over greater
distances
• Circuit
– Combination of telephone lines and closed switches
that connect them to each other
• Circuit switching
– Centrally controlled, single-connection model
• Single electrical path between caller and receiver

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 Packet-Switched Networks (cont’d.)
• Circuit switching (cont’d.)
– Works well for telephone calls
– Does not work as well for:
• Sending data across large WAN, interconnected
network (Internet)
• Circuit-switched network problem
– Connected circuit failure
• Causes interrupted connection, data loss
• Solution
– Packet switching: move data between two points

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 Packet-Switched Networks (cont’d.)
• Packet-switched network
– Packets
• Small pieces labeled electronically (origin, sequence,
destination address)
• Travel along interconnected networks
• Can take different paths
• May arrive out of order
– Destination computer
• Collects packets
• Reassembles original file or e-mail message

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E-Business, tenth Edition
 Intranets & Extranets
• Intranet: Inter connected networks inside an
organization
– VPN is used to form intranet over the public
networks using a technology called IP tunneling
– IP tunneling creates a private passageway. It
transfers the packets encrypted
• Extranet: Networks between the organizations i.e.
business partners, customers, suppliers.
– A cheaper option than fax, express document
carriers
– VPN is used to secure the networks
– Web is used as part of the extranet and intranet
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 TCP/IP
• Internet protocols
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
-establishes a connection between the computers
-sequences the transfer of packets
-acknowledges the packets sent

• Internet Protocol (IP)

-responsible for delivery of the packets
-includes disassembling and reassembling of packets
during transmission

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 IP Addressing
• Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4)
• IPv4
– Can provide 4 billion different addresses
• IP address
– 32-bit number identifying computers
• Byte (8-bit number)
– Octet (networking applications)
• Binary values: 00000000 to 11111111
• Decimal equivalents: 0 to 255
• 11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 11111

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 IP Addressing (cont’d.)
• Dotted decimal notation
– IP numbers (addresses)
• Four numbers separated by periods
• Four parts range from 0 to 255
– IP addresses range: 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255
• Three organizations assign IP addresses: ARIN
(Americas), RIPE (Europe), ACNIC (Asia Pacific)
• Whois server (by ARIN)
– Returns IP address list owned by an organization

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 Electronic Mail Protocols
• Electronic mail (e-mail)
– Formatted according to common set of rules
– Client/server structure
• E-mail server
– Computer devoted to e-mail handling
– Stores, forwards e-mail messages
• E-mail client software
– Read and send e-mail
– Communicates with e-mail server
• Standardization and rules very important: SMTP &
POP
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 Electronic Mail Protocols (cont’d.)
• Two common protocols
– Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
• Specifies mail message format
• Administers e-mail on e-mail server
• Transmits mail from server to client
– Post Office Protocol (POP)
• Sends mail to user’s computer from server
• Store mail to user’s email client software
• Asks if new mail arrived

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 Electronic Mail Protocols (cont’d.)
• Example:
✔ Suppose you use Gmail server to send email to
bill@microsoft.com
✔ You click send on email client Gmail
1. Gmail client delivers email to Gmail server using
SMTP
2. Gmail server delivers email to Microsoft’s email
server, mail.microsoft.com, using SMTP
3. Bill’s email client download the email from the
Microsoft’s email server using POP

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 Web Page Request and Delivery
Protocols
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
– Internet Web page file delivery rules from Web
servers
• Web page request using Web browser
– Type of protocol name followed by “//:” before
domain name
– Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
• Combination: protocol name, domain name
• Locate resource (Web page) on another computer
(Web server)

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 Emergence of the World Wide Web
(cont’d.)
• Graphical interfaces for hypertext
– Web browser
• Software interface
• Users read (browse) HTML documents
• Move from one HTML document to another
• Text formatted with hypertext link tags in file
– HTML document
• No specification of text element appearance
– Graphical user interface (GUI)
• Presents program control functions, output to users
• Pictures, icons, other graphical elements

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 Domain Names
• Dotted decimal notation difficult to remember
• Domain names
– Sets of words assigned to specific IP addresses
– Example: www.sandiego.edu
• Contains three parts separated by periods
• Top-level domain (TLD): rightmost part
• Generic top-level domains (gTLDs)
• Sponsored top-level domains (sTLD)
– Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and
Numbers (ICANN)
• Responsibility: managing non-sTLD

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What are the new technologies in the
domain in E-business?

Artificial intelligence
Big data
Internet of things (IoT)
Mobile Technologies
High Speed Data Transmission
(i.e. 5g)
Recommendation Systems
Digital Marketing
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