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  • Energy Losses in Pipes (Fluid Mechanics)

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    Drake
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    This document discusses energy losses that can occur in pipes transporting fluids. It describes two types of losses: minor losses, which occur at pipe fittings, valves, and locations where the pipe size changes; and major losses, which are due to friction between the fluid and pipe walls. Minor losses are calculated using equations that consider the velocity of the fluid and loss of head, while major losses can be calculated using Darcy-Weisbach, Chezy's, or Hazen-Williams formulas. The document provides examples of applying the equations and recommends ways to minimize head losses such as proper pipe sizing, streamlined design, and smooth inner pipe surfaces.

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    Energy losses in pipeline ( Fluid mechanics) Major energy losses Minor energy losses

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    Energy losses in pipes (Fluid mechanics)

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    This document discusses energy losses that can occur in pipes transporting fluids. It describes two types of losses: minor losses, which occur at pipe fittings, valves, and locations where the pipe size changes; and major losses, which are due to friction between the fluid and pipe walls. Minor losses are calculated using equations that consider the velocity of the fluid and loss of head, while major losses can be calculated using Darcy-Weisbach, Chezy's, or Hazen-Williams formulas. The document provides examples of applying the equations and recommends ways to minimize head losses such as proper pipe sizing, streamlined design, and smooth inner pipe surfaces.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    61 views13 pages

    Energy Losses in Pipes (Fluid Mechanics)

    Uploaded by

    Drake
    This document discusses energy losses that can occur in pipes transporting fluids. It describes two types of losses: minor losses, which occur at pipe fittings, valves, and locations where the pipe size changes; and major losses, which are due to friction between the fluid and pipe walls. Minor losses are calculated using equations that consider the velocity of the fluid and loss of head, while major losses can be calculated using Darcy-Weisbach, Chezy's, or Hazen-Williams formulas. The document provides examples of applying the equations and recommends ways to minimize head losses such as proper pipe sizing, streamlined design, and smooth inner pipe surfaces.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 13

    PRINCIPLES OF FLUID

    MECHANICS

    PRAJWAL DABOLKAR
    Energy Losses in the pipes

    Losses in the pipes are classified as : -


     Major energy losses

     Minor energy losses


    Minor energy losses
     The minor losses occurs mainly at :-
    i. Pipe entrance
    ii. Bends, elbows, tees, and other fittings which
    causes interruption to flow.
    iii. When Valves are open or partially closed
    iv. when there is Gradual or sudden expansions or
    contractions in the pipes.
    Loss of head due to sudden enlargement ( Minor losses ) 

    Assume that a liquid is flowing through a pipe which has a


    sudden enlargement as displayed here in following figure. 
    Loss of head due to sudden enlargement will be
    given by following equation. 

    Where, 
    V1 = Velocity of fluid flow at section 1-1 
    V2 = Velocity of fluid flow at section 2-2 
    hc = Loss of head due to sudden enlargement 
    g = Acceleration due to gravity 
    Loss of head due to sudden contraction 

     Assume that a liquid is flowing through a pipe which has a


    sudden contraction as displayed here in following figure. 
    Loss of head due to sudden contraction is given by
    following equation. 

    Where, 
    V2 = Velocity of fluid flow at section 2-2 
    hC = Loss of head due to sudden
    contraction 
    k = Minor loss co-efficient 
    Major energy losses
    Major losses occurs due to : -
     The frictional effect between the moving fluid and

    the walls of the pipe.

    Major energy losses are calculated by Darcy- Weisbach


    formula , Chezy’s formula, Hazen Williams formula .
    Darcy's Equation

    Where :
    hf = loss of head due to friction,
    f = Friction coefficient
    L = Length of pipe
    v = velocity
    g = Acceleration due to gravity
    d = Diameter of the pipe
    Chezy’s formula

    V = C × √RS
    Where :
    V = Average flow velocity
    C = Chezy’s constant
    R = Hydraulic radius
    S = Channel bed slope
    How to minimize head losses in the pipe?

     Correct sizing of pipe


     Optimizing the network length
     Inner surface roughness of the pipe
     Streamlined design
    Reference
     Textbook of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic
    Machines by R.K. Bansal

     https://www.hkdivedi.com/2018/09/minor-head-los
    ses-in-pipe-flow.html

     https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/
    S1110016818302278
    Thank you

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