PRACTICAL

RESEARCH I
Prepared by: Mr.
Daniel Trongco
 Lesson 1: The Importance of
Research in Daily Life
Learning Objectives
After going through this module, you are expected to be able to:
•1. share research experiences and knowledge
•2. explain the importance of research in daily life
•3. describe characteristics, processes, and ethics of research
•4. differentiate quantitative from qualitative research
•5. provide examples of research in areas of interest (arts,
humanities, sports,
• science, business, agriculture and fisheries, information and
communication technology, and social inquiry)

What is a
Research?
RESEARCH??
1. Research is defined as the
scientific investigation of
phenomena which includes
collection, presentation, analysis
and interpretation of facts that
lines an individual‘s speculation
with reality.
2. Solutions to problems must be
based on knowledge not on mere
beliefs, guesses or theories.
3. In research a systematic and
well-planned procedure is
required to meet the need in
order that information is
acquired and evaluate its
accuracy and effectiveness.
4. It is a process of inquiring
 ?
NATURE OF
INQUIRY
 INQUIRY
1. Inquiry is defined as “a seeking for
truth, information or knowledge”. It is a
problem solving technique.

2. The information and data pursued

through questioning begins with gathering
by applying the different human senses.

3. Individuals carry on the process of

inquiry from birth till death..

4. Inquiry is synonymous with the word

investigation.
 PR

INVESTIGATION AND
IMMERSION
Investigation has a deeper meaning compared to “inquiry”.

It is a systematic examination of a certain event or phenomenon.

Immersion is a process whereby a researcher immerses (deeply

involves) himself in the data gathering activities and the data he has
gathered is carefully read or examined by him in detail.

Combining the idea of “inquiry”, “investigation” and “immersion”, the

concept of “research” comes in.
 ?
DIFFERENCIATE
INQUIRY FROM
RESEARCH
Inquiry is a term that is synonymous with the word
‘investigation’. When you inquire or investigate, you tend to
ask questions to probe or examine something to request for
truth, information, or knowledge.

Research is systematic and objective creation of

knowledge systematic (with a system or method,
the scientific method), objective (no bias, all
angles presented), knowledge creation (a creative
2
process) Book T
itle. P5
 PR1
PURPOSE OF A
RESEARCH

To inform action.
To prove or generate a
theory.
To augment knowledge in a
field or study.
 ● 1. Research directs us to inquire about the
IMPORTANCE OF right information by conducting further

RESEACH TO investigation of the actual condition. It leads

us to be cautious in giving results and
DAILY LIFE findings by proving lies and supporting the
truth.You can explain here what is the topic
about

● 2. Research empowers us with knowledge

and discovers new things and issues in life.
It helps us solve problems in health, crimes,
business, technology and environment.You
can explain here what is the topic about

● 3. Research facilitates learning as an

opportunity to share valuable information to
others as a way of recognizing various
concerns for public awareness.

ACTIVITY 1
Interview your classmate or a
friend about their plans after
senior high school. .Ask them
how research played a major
role in their chosen track or
strand. Make a report about it
and share it to your teacher.
PR1
Write your report using a narrative
format. Make use of the notes you
wrote down before and after you
conducted your interview to flesh out
the report. The first is the brief detail
about what the report is, who is the
interviewee and the location of the
interview. Then break up the
interview into paragraphs, like
narrating a story and finally a
conclusion paragraph to end your
report.
 PR
1
LESSON

02
CHARACTERISTICS,
PROCESSES AND ETHICS OF
A RESEARCH
 PR
1
LESSON

02
CHARACTERISTICS,
PROCESSES AND ETHICS OF
A RESEARCH
 PR
1
Research is a process of gathering, analyzing and
interpreting information to answer
questions. A good research follows processes that must
have certain characteristic. It must be
systematic, controlled, rigorous, valid and verifiable,
empirical and critical. To avoid unethical
practices researchers had obligations to adhere
professional standards in conducting research
.Thus to consider a research writing ethical it must be
clear, accurate, just and authentic
.
CHARACTERISTICS 1. EMPIRICAL. Research is based on the direct
experience observation by the researcher.
OF A RESEARCH 2. LOGICAL. Research is based on valid procedures
and principles.
3. CYCLICAL. Research is a cyclical process
because if starts with a problem and ends with a
problem.
4. ANALYTICAL. Research utilizes proven
analytical procedures in gathering the data whether
historical, descriptive, and experimental and case
study.
5. CRITICAL. Research exhibits careful and precise
judgement.
6. METHODICAL. Research is conducted in a
methodical manner without bias using systematic
method and procedure.
7. REPLICABILITY. The research design and
procedures are replicated or repeated to enable the
researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results.
 PR

THE SEVEN STEPS OF THE

RESEARCH PROCESS
STEP 1: Define and Develop your topic (Research Problem)

 Factors to Consider in Selecting a Research Problem

1. Researcher’s Area of Interest

2. Availability of Funds

3. Investigator’s ability and training

 PR

THE SEVEN STEPS OF THE

RESEARCH PROCESS
STEP 2: Find background information about your chosen topic (Review of
Related Literature)

STEP 3: Plan your research design including your sample (METHODOLOGY)

STEP 4: Gather necessary data using open ended questions (for qualitative
research) and close-ended questionnaire of paper pencil test questionnaire (for
quantitative research) Data Gathering Activities)

STEP 5: Process and analyse data using thematic analysis (for qualitative
research) and statistical tools (for quantitative research)
 PR

THE SEVEN STEPS OF THE

RESEARCH PROCESS

STEP 6: Formulate new insights gained (for

qualitative research) and (for quantitative
research) and recommendations

STEP 7: Define new problem

ETHICS IN
Research ethics are guidelines
RESEARCH
for the responsible conduct of
research which educates and
monitors researchers to ensure
high standard. It promotes the
aim of research, such as
expanding knowledge and
supports the values required for
collaborative work such as
mutual respect and fairness.
 1. Informed Consent. This is a
WHAT ARE THESE
required to secure in order
ETHICS IN RESEARCH
protect the rights of the
participants in your study.
Inform your participants about
the criteria set for choosing
them as information and the
schedule of one- on one
interview at the convenient
time they are available.
Participation to the study will
be completely voluntary.
 WHAT ARE THESE 2. Honesty. It reports data,
ETHICS IN RESEARCH results, methods and procedure,
and publication status. Do not
fabricate, falsify and
misrepresent the data.
3. Objectivity. Avoid bias in
experimental design, data
analysis, data interpretation
peer review, personal decisions,
grant writing, expert testimony,
and other aspects of research.
 WHAT ARE THESE 4. Integrity. Keep your
ETHICS IN RESEARCH promises and agreements, act
with sincerity, strive for
consistency of thought and
action.
5. Carefulness. Avoid careless
errors and negligence, carefully
and critically examine your
work and the work of peers.
Keep good records of research
activities.
 WHAT ARE THESE 6. Openness. Share data, results,
ETHICS IN RESEARCH ideas, tools and resources. Be open
to criticism and new ideas.
7. Respect for Intellectual
property. Honour patents,
copyrights, trademarks, trade
secrets, and other forms of
intellectual property. Do not use
published or unpublished data
methods, or results without
permission. Give credit where
credit is due. Never plagiarize,
fabricate and falsify
 WHAT ARE THESE
ETHICS IN RESEARCH 8. Confidentiality. Protect
confidential communications, such
as papers or grants submitted for
publication, personal records, trade
or military secrets, and patient
records.
9. Responsible Mentoring. Help to
educate, mentor, and advise others.
Promote their welfare and allow
them to make their own decisions.
 10. Responsible Publications.
WHAT ARE THESE Publish in order to advance
ETHICS IN RESEARCH research and scholarship, not to
advance your own career. Avoid
wasteful and duplicative
publication.
11. Respect for Colleagues.
Respect your colleagues opinion,
treat them fairly and do not
outsmart others.
12. Social Responsibility. Strive to
promote social acceptance and
prevent or mitigate social harms
through research, public education,
and advocacy
 WHAT ARE THESE 13. Non- Discrimination. Avoid
ETHICS IN RESEARCH discrimination against colleagues
or students on the basis of sex,
race, ethnicity, or other factors that
are not related to their scientific
competencies and integrity.
14. Competence. Maintain and
improve your own professional
competence and expertise through
lifelong education and learning,
take steps to promote competence
in science as a whole
 15. Legality. Know and obey
WHAT ARE THESE relevant laws and institutional and
ETHICS IN RESEARCH government policies.
16. Animal Care. Show proper
respect and care for animals when
using them in research. Do not
conduct unnecessary or poorly
designed animal experiments.
17. Human Subjects protection.
When conducting a research on
human subjects, minimize harms
and risks and maximize benefits,
respect human dignity, privacy,
and anonymity.
Rights of Research
Participants 1. Human Rights. They are moral
principles or norms that describe
certain standards of human
behaviour and are regularly
protected as natural and legal
rights. They constitute a set of
rights and duties necessary for the
protection of human dignity,
inherent to all human beings.
 2. Intellectual Property. It
Rights of Research protects creations of the mind,
Participants which have both a moral and a
commercial value.
3. Copyright Infringement. It is
the use or production of copyright-
protected material without
permission of the copyright holder.
Copyright infringement means that
the rights accorded to the
copyright holder, such as the
exclusive use of a work for a set
period of time, are breached
by a third party
Rights of Research
Participants Examples:
a. Downloading movies and music
without proper payment for use.
b. Recording movies in a theatre
c. Using others’ photographs for a
blog without permission
d. Copying software code without
giving proper credit
e. Creating videos with unlicensed
music clips
Rights of Research
Participants 4. Voluntary Participation. People
must not be coerced into
participating in research process.
Essentially, this means that
prospective research participants
must be informed about the
procedures and risks involved in
research and must give their
consent to participate.
Rights of Research
Participants
5. Anonymity. It is the protection
of people’s identity through not
disclosing their name or not
exposing their identity. It is a
situation in data gathering
activities in which informant’s
name is not given nor known.
Rights of Research
Participants
6. Privacy. It is someone’s right to
keep his personal matters and
relationships secret. It is the ability
of an individual to seclude him
from disturbance of any research
activity.
 Research Misconduct includes fabrication,
Ethical Standards in falsification, or plagiarism. It doesn’t
Research Writing include honest error of differences of
opinion. It can erode trust between
researchers and funding agencies, which
make it more difficult for colleagues at the
same institution to receive grants.

Plagiarism
Plagiarism refers to the act of using another
person’s ideas, works, processes, and results
without giving due credit. It should not be
tolerated as the unauthorized use of original
works, a violation of intellectual property
rights. Three different acts are considered
plagiarism:
Ethical Standards in
Research Writing
1.Failure to cite quotations and
borrowed ideas,
2.Failure to enclose borrowed
language in quotation marks, and.
3.Failure to put summaries and
paraphrases in your own words.
 PR
1
ACTIVITY 2
Explain comprehensively in your own
words your understanding of the
different processes in research.
Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper
Qualitative Vs.
Quantitative
Lesson 3
 PR
1
ACTIVITY 2
Explain comprehensively in your own
words your understanding of the
different processes in research.
Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper
 Definition of
Exam
Concepts conten
t

Mercury Mars
Mercury is the smallest planet Despite being red, Mars is a
cold place

Saturn Venus
It’s composed of hydrogen and Venus is the second planet
helium from the Sun
Features of Mercury
the Topic It’s the closest planet to
the Sun

Jupiter
It’s the biggest planet
Venus is the
second plan
et
from the Su
n
Mars
Mars is actually a cold
place
 XL

Some Important
Numbers 2,569
Mercury’s the closest planet to the Sun

1,458
Jupiter’s the biggest planet of them all

4,759
Neptune is the farthest planet from the
Sun
 10% 50% 40%
Despite being red, Mars is Saturn is the ringed planet Venus has a beautiful
a cold place and a gas giant name, but it’s hot
 XL

55% 25%
Mercury is the smallest Venus has a beautiful
planet name

75% 35%
Saturn is the ringed planet Mars is a very cold place
Practical Uses
of This Subject Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun

Jupiter
Venus is the
second plan It’s a gas giant and the
et
from the Su
n biggest planet
Did You Know h,
This? d
o
i fy t h is grap
To mo it, follow the
n a
click
an g e the dat
h
link, c place this
and re

35% 65%

Mercury is the Jupiter is the biggest

Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 smallest one one
 XL

589
This is the number of
students per year
Big numbers catch your
audience’s attention
 Problem Solution
Neptune is the fourth- Jupiter is a gas giant and
largest planet in the Solar the biggest planet in the
System Solar System
 XL

Did You Know?

34% Mercury
Mercury is the smallest
planet

46% Venus
Venus has a beautiful
name

16% Saturn
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the
new one here. For more info, click here Saturn is the ringed planet
 Process
Mercury is the Saturn is the ringed
smallest planet planet

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4

Venus has a beautiful Mars is a cold place

name
 XL

The learning
process

1 Mercury is the smallest

planet 4 Saturn is the ringed
planet

2 Venus has a beautiful

name 5 It’s a giant and the
biggest one

3 Mars is a very cold place 6 Neptune is the

farthest planet
 XL

Relations between concepts

Mercury is Mars is a cold Jupiter is a gas

smallest one place giant

Venus is the Saturn has rings

second one
 XL

Exams and retakes

calendar April
2022
1 2 3
Saturn
It’s a giant and the 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
biggest one
11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Neptune 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Neptune is the
farthest planet 25 26 27 28 29 30
Insert Your
Multimedia
Content Here
Despite being red, Mars is
actually a cold place full of
iron oxide dust
 XL

Main Concepts to Know

Mercury Venus Saturn

Mercury is the smallest Venus has a beautiful Saturn is the ringed
planet name planet

Mars Neptune
Neptune is the
Mars is a very cold place
farthest planet
 XL

Exam’s Grades

Grades Grades
Student Q1 Q2 Student Q1 Q2
Last name, name A+ F Last name, name C A+

Last name, name A B Last name, name A+ F

Last name, name C A Last name, name A B

Last name, name F A+ Last name, name B C

Overview Diagram

30%

Mercury is Venus is the Mars is a cold Saturn has rings

smallest one second one place
 XL

This Is A Gantt Chart

Week 1 Week 2 Week 3
Activity 1
Activity 2
Activity 3
Activity 4
Activity 5
 XL

Homework Saturn
Checklist Saturn is the ringed
planet

Mercury Jupiter
Mercury is the smallest It’s a giant and the
planet biggest one

Venus Neptune
Venus has a beautiful Neptune is the
name farthest planet

Mars Earth
Earth is the planet with
Mars is a very cold place
life
 XL

In Case You Need Another Diagram

The Solar System

Saturn is the ringed

Mars is a very cold place
planet

Neptune is the Mercury is the smallest

farthest planet planet
Venus has a beautiful
name
 XL

Learn the
Difference

First Second
concept concept

Despite being red, Mars is Venus has a very beautiful

actually a cold place. It’s full of name and is the second planet
iron oxide dust from the Sun
 XL

Classes Timetable
Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri

7-8 am Physics English Arts Physics Maths

8-9 am Maths Arts Maths Arts English

9-10 am English Physics English Physics Arts

10-11am Arts Maths Physics English Physics

 XL

Let’s Have a Look

at this Graphic

Mercury Saturn
It is the smallest Saturn is the ringed
planet planet

Venus Mars
Venus has a beautiful Mars is a very cold
name place Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the
new one here. For more info, click here
 XL

Awesom
e Words
 XL

You Could Use This Diagram

Mercury Saturn
Saturn is the ringed
It is the smallest planet
planet

The Solar Venus Neptune

Venus has a beautiful Neptune is the
System name farthest planet

Mars Jupiter
Mars is a very cold It’s the biggest one of
place all
 XL

Some Percentages
Pluto Saturn Venus Mars Jupiter Earth

50% 60% 90% 40% 70% 80%

Locations

Saturn has rings

Mars is a cold
place
 A Pi c
Reinf ture
orces
C o n c t he
e pt
 XL

You Could Use this Graph

38% 19%
Mercury Saturn
Mercury is the Saturn is the ringed
smallest planet planet

12% 31%
Venus Mars
Venus has a beautiful Mars is a very cold
name place

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
 XL

A Picture is
Worth a
Thousand
Words

p it e b e in g re d, Mars is a
De s
s full of iron
cold place. It’
oxide dust
 XL

This Infographic Might Help

1 Mercury is the
Smallest planet Mercury

2 It’s a giant and the

biggest one Jupiter

3 Mars is actually a cold

place Mars

4 Neptune is the
farthest planet Neptune
Data Review

Study 1 Study 2 Study 3 Study 1 Study 2 Study 3

0.3 1.2 4.5 2.5 6.9 1.6

1.4 0.6 7.8 3.5 7.7 1.8

 XL

A Little Brainstorming

Venus
Venus has a
beautiful name
Mars
Mars is actually a cold
Saturn place
Saturn is the
ringed one
Neptune
Neptune is the
farthest planet
 XL

Some Geography of
Your Country Mercury
Mercury is the
Smallest planet

Jupiter
It’s a giant and the
biggest one

Mars
Mars is actually a cold
place
 Review of Concepts

Mercury Venus Mars

Mercury is the Venus has a Mars is actually a cold
Smallest planet beautiful name place

Jupiter Saturn Neptune

It’s a giant and the Saturn is the Neptune is the
biggest one ringed one farthest planet
 XL

Revise Concepts
Jupiter Venus
It’s a giant and the Venus has a
biggest one beautiful name

Saturn Mars
Saturn is the Mars is actually a cold
ringed one place

Neptune Mercury
Neptune is the Mercury is the
farthest planet Smallest planet
 XL

Percentages per Classroom

35% 55% 75% 65%

Mercury Venus Jupiter Mars

Mercury is Venus is the Jupiter is a gas Mars is a cold
smallest one second one giant place
 XL

You Might Not

Know This

Neptune is the
Neptune farthest planet

Mercury is the
Mercury Smallest planet
Exercise

a b e autiful
h as
Venus and is the
name net fro
m
n d p la
seco Despite being red, Mars is
the Sun actually a cold place
 XL

Materials for Every Class

Physics English Arts

● Your list goes ● Your list goes ● Your list goes

here here here
● Your list goes ● Your list goes ● Your list goes
here here here
● Your list goes ● Your list goes ● Your list goes
here here here
 XL

Progress Made
Saturn 80 40
Venus
Saturn is the
% Venus has a
%
ringed one beautiful name

50 90
Neptune Mercury
Neptune is the
% Mercury is the
%
farthest planet Smallest planet
 XL

Conclusions Jupiter
A) It’s a giant and the
biggest one

A) B) Neptune
B) Neptune is the
farthest planet

Mars
C) Mars is actually a cold
place
C) D)
Mercury
D) Mercury is the
Smallest planet
Assignment

l a n et has a
p
Which ame and is
ul n
beautif d one from
on
the sec Sun
the
 XL

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