PAPER PRODUCTION

PROCESS
A group presentation by;
Bhim Gyawali
Abiral Puri
Cruz Silwal
Manoj Bhushal
Saroj Poudel
Table of content
1) Acknowledgment
2) Introduction
3) Paper Manufacturing Process
4) Paper Manufacturing Process Diagram
5) Conclusion
 Acknowledgment

We are grateful to our respected chemistry teachers Mr. Bharat KC and Mr. Mahesh Sharma
for providing us the golden opportunity to present this presentation and guiding us .We
would like to express our gratitude to all the members of our college.
 Introduction
For hundreds of years, paper has played a critical role in the evolution of human life. They are created by
turning wood into pulp. The process is eco-friendly. Paper and pulp industry manufacturing process starts
with the pulping procedure.
It all starts with the pulping procedure . Paper pulp manufacturers separate fiber sand clean them, which
leads to refining , dilution, fiber formation, and other steps . Paper and pulp, thus, get created from
plant materials such as cellulosic fibers . Sometimes, a few synthetic materials are incorporated into the
final product to impart some unique qualities.
Let's discuss the paper and pulp industry in detail!!
Paper production procrss

The production process can be divided into 5 steps. They are as follows;
Forestry
Debarking
Chipping
Pulp Preparation
 Paper Formation Paper Finishing
Forestry
Typically, trees used for papermaking are specifically grown and harvested like a crop for
that purpose. To meet tomorrow's demand, forest products companies and private
landowners in Wisconsin plant millions of new seedlings every year.
Raw material process
 Debarking is the process of removing bark from wood.
 • Debarking generally involves the use of industrial machinery into which the log or
stake is placed. These machines can be either stationary or portable. Generally they are
powered by hydraulic motors.
 The log is pressed against blades or knives which remove the bark.
 Chippings are a medium-sized solid material made by cutting, or chipping, larger
pieces of wood.
 • Woodchips are raw material for producing wood pulp.
PlupIng procesSes
 Pulping aims to separate cellulose fibers from the wood structure.Those wood chips are
then pressure cooked with a mixture of water and chemicals in a digester.
 Kraft process: The kraft process entails treatment of wood chips with a hot mixture of
water, sodium hydroxide, and sodium sulfide, known as white liquor, that breaks the
bonds that link lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose.
 Recovery process
• The excess black liquor contains about 15% solids and is concentrated in a multiple effect evaporator.
• The weak black liquor is further evaporated to 65% or even 80% solids (heavy black liquor)and burned
in the recovery boiler to recover the inorganic chemicals for reuse in the pulping process.
Bleaching of wood pulp
In a modern mill, brownstock (cellulose fibers containing approximately 5% residual
lignin) produced by the pulping is first washed to remove some of the dissolved organic
material and then further delignified by a variety of bleaching stages.
• After Bleaching of pulp the pulp is stored into the Headbox.
Paper formation
Paper Machine (Fourdrinier Machine)
• Paper machines have four distinct operational sections.
• Forming section- commonly called the wet end, is where the slurry of fibres filters out
fluid a continuous fabric loop to form a wet web of fiber.
 Press section: Where the wet fibre web passes between large rolls loaded under high
pressure to squeeze out as much water as possible.
 Drying section: Where the pressed sheet passes partly around, in a serpentine manner,
a series of steam heated drying cylinders. Drying removes the water content down to a
level of about 6%, where it will remain at typical conditions. indoor atmospheric
 Calender section - Where the dried paper is smoothened under high loading and
pressure. Only one nip (where the sheet is pressed between two rolls) is necessary in
order to hold the sheet, which shrinks through the drying section and is held in tension
between the press section (or breaker stack if used) and the calender. Extra nips give
more smoothing but at some expense to paper strength.
Paper finishing
 The characteristics, appearance and properties of paper and board are supplemented
and enhanced by their final treatments. These may be simple processes where the reel is
slit into a number of more narrow reels or cut into sheets or more complicated
processes such as coating or super calendering.
Coating
 Coating improves the opacity , lightness, surface smoothness, luster and colour-
absorption ability of paper.
 Coating means that a layer is applied to the paper • The coat consists of a mix of
pigments, extenders such as china clay and chalk
 For Even Smoother Paper Super Calendaring is Required (For magazines paper)
Thank you for you
attention.